粤港澳大湾区潮间带大型海藻多样性与生物量分布格局

Distribution patterns of intertidal macroalgal diversity and biomass in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

为了解粤港澳大湾区潮间带大型海藻生物资源分布和生物多样性情况,于2020年9月—2021年8月,对大湾区8个位点潮间带大型海藻资源进行4个季节的调查,分析了潮间带大型海藻四季的生物多样性和群落结构变化。结果表明:大湾区共发现大型海藻3门53属91种,其中绿藻9属19种,红藻36属59种,褐藻8属13种;大型海藻种类特征为春季>冬季>夏季>秋季,季节分布极不均匀,温度性质以暖温带海藻为主;优势种群一共14种,季节性变化显著;大型海藻年平均生物量为2800.65 g·m^(-2),各季节生物量呈现春季(7914.89 g·m^(-2))>冬季(2266.44 g·m^(-2))>夏季(653.12 g·m^(-2))>秋季(368.13 g·m^(-2))的季节特征,垂直分布上呈现低潮带(7075.98 g·m^(-2))>中潮带(1112.60 g·m^(-2))>高潮带(213.37 g·m^(-2))的特征,每个季节不同位点之间的垂直分布存在不同的差异;多样性指数表现出显著的季节性差异。粤港澳大湾区大型海藻种类丰富,生物量巨大,种类和生物量呈现显著的季节特征,大型海藻空间分布上有显著的区域性特征。

A four-season survey of intertidal macroalgae resources at eight sites in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was conducted from September 2020 to August 2021 to better understand the distribution and diversity of intertidal macroalgae biological resources in the Greater Bay Area.The variations of diversity and community structure of intertidal macroalgae across the four seasons were analyzed.A total of 91 species in 53 genera from three macroalgae phyla were recorded,including nine genera and 19 species of Chlorophyta,36 genera and 59 species of Rhodophyta,and eight genera and 13 species of Ochrophyta.Seasonal pattern of macroalgae species were spring>winter>summer>autumn,with uneven seasonal distribution.Most of them were warm temperate seaweeds.A total of 14 species were classified as the dominant populations,with significant seasonal variations.The average annual biomass of macroalgae was 2800.65 g·m^(-2),with a seasonal pattern of spring(7914.89 g·m^(-2))>winter(2266.44 g·m^(-2))>summer(653.12 g·m^(-2))>autumn(368.13 g·m^(-2)),and a vertical pattern of low-tide zone(7075.98 g·m^(-2))>mid-tide zone(1112.60 g·m^(-2))>high-tide zone(213.37 g·m^(-2)).The vertical distribution was different across sites in each season.Diversity indices showed significant seasonal differences.The macroalgae species in the Greater Bay Area were abundant and with huge biomass.The species richness and biomass displayed significant seasonal and regional variations.