极低出生体质量儿呼吸窘迫综合征的影响因素分析

Influencing factors of respiratory distress syndrome in very low birth weight infants

目的探讨极低出生体质量儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)的影响因素,为RDS的防治和改善预后提供理论依据。方法将133例收治入院的极低出生体质量儿(very low birth weight infant,VLBW)分为RDS组和非RDS组,比较两组患儿的一般资料,采用描述性分析、单因素分析和Logistic回归分析VLBW RDS的影响因素。结果RDS组的胎龄、出生体质量、1min Apgar、5min Apgar评分均低于非RDS组(P<0.05),RDS组的住院时长、母亲孕产次、新生儿肺炎率、胎盘早剥率均高于非RDS组(P<0.05),其余指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示低出生体质量、小胎龄、多孕产次、春冬季出生及胎盘早剥是VLBW RDS的独立危险因素。结论VLBW患儿RDS受多因素共同作用,可通过加强围产期保健,提高新生儿复苏水平等方式来改善RDS的发生情况。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of respiratory distress syndrome in very low birth weight infants,and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)and the improvement of prognosis.Methods A total of 133 cases of very low birth weight infant(VLBW)admitted Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital were divided into RDS group and non-RDS group,the general clinical information was compared,and the influencing factors of VLBW RDS were analyzed by descriptive analysis,univariate analysis and Logistic regression.Results The gestational age,birth weight,1min Apgar and 5min Apgar in the RDS group were lower than those in the non-RDS group(P<0.05).The length of hospital stay,maternal parity,neonatal pneumonia rate,and placental abruption rate in the RDS group were higher than those in the non-RDS group(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in other indicators(P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that low birth weight,small gestational age,multiple parity,birth in spring and winter and placental abruption were independent risk factors for VLBW RDS.Conclusion RDS in VLBW is affected by multiple factors,and the incidence of RDS can be improved by strengthening perinatal care and improving the level of neonatal resuscitation.