情境动力:中国式的“助人自助”专业实践逻辑

The Contextualized Agency:A Chinese Way to Do Social Work

社会工作作为一门“助人自助”的学科始终关注如何通过“助人”促使服务对象实现“自助”,特别是中国社会工作经过10多年快速发展之后面临高质量发展要求,亟须承担起基层社会治理创新的责任。如何在人们的现实生活情境中激发他们的成长动力就成为中国社会工作亟待解答的难题。回顾西方社会工作历史就会发现,人们对情境有两种不同理解:一种站在局外人立场把情境当作客观现实,注重人与环境之间的适应;一种站在局内人角度把情境视为经验现实,关注通过反思寻找个人经验中的现实。显然,二者都采用了将问题对象化的、抽离日常生活的“是什么”的知识观,都假设人是拥有欲求和理性的独立个体,所产生的改变依赖心理动力。而中国社会工作却不同,中国社会工作需要将问题场景化,采用一种融入日常生活的成长知识观,假设人是现实生活中的人,产生的改变依据的是情境动力,需要将特定情境遭遇中的现实要求和文化诉求融入自我成长中,以提升人们在现实生活中的理性自决能力。因此,只有依据情境动力,中国的本土社会工作才能真正走出一条具有制度自信和文化自信的中国式的“助人自助”的专业实践路径。

Social work is always attended to helping people grow-up in their difficulty situations. It is the same for the Chinese social work,which is now in the new period facing the high-quality development challenge. Therefore,it is urgent demand for Chinese social work to answer the question of how to promote the people to grow up in their daily life in social work services. In the reviewing of the western social work history,it is found that there is only one way to promote people to grow up by increasing their psychological agency. But the situation is entirely different in China where social work is regarded as an important instrument to promote people to participate in community life and join the government of the local daily life. Therefore,it demands the Chinese social work to adapt the new perspective to promote the people’s abilities in their concrete situation by increasing the situation agency,which increase their self-awareness in daily life,as well as to find the way to professionalizing Chinese social work with“institute confidence”and“cultural confidence”.