绞吸船挖掘密实沙绞刀齿磨损研究

Study on Cutter Teeth Wear for Dredging Densely Compacted Sand by Cutter Suction Dredger

绞吸船在正常作业条件下,绞刀齿的磨损是不可避免的。为了研究开挖密实沙时绞刀齿的磨损规律以及推算绞刀齿的磨损量,借鉴于前沿技术与理论研究成果以及实船挖掘情况,全面分析了引起绞刀齿磨损的因素有疏浚介质特性、绞刀齿自身材料的力学性能、疏浚工况条件等。针对引起磨损的主要因素,根据量纲和谐原理,采用定性分析的理论方法,推导出磨损率的计算公式。结果表明:磨损率与绞刀齿受到的荷载及密实沙矿物硬度成正比,与自身材料硬度成反比,且主要受制于密实沙特性。同时,指出了提高绞刀齿耐磨性能的途径有采用合理的结构设计、选择合适的耐磨材料与耐磨技术、改善疏浚介质特性、预留富余磨损厚度等,这为提高疏浚产量与耐磨刀齿的选择提供理论指导。

The wear of cutter teeth is inevitable for cutter suction dredger(CSD)under normal operating conditions.In order to study the wear law of cutter teeth during dredging densely compacted sand and calculate the wear rate of cutter teeth,the factors causing the wear of cutter teeth are analyzed comprehensively,including the characteristics of dredging medium,the mechanical properties of the material of the cutter teeth and the dredging working conditions,based on the research achievements of advanced technology and theory and the current situation of the CSD dredged.According to the theory of dimensional homogeneity and qualitative analysis,the calculation formula of wear rate is derived.The results show that the wear rate is directly proportional to the load on the cutter teeth and the mineral hardness of the densely compacted sand,and inversely proportional to the hardness of cutter teeth basis material,and is mainly subject to the characteristics of the densely compacted sand.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that the ways to improve the wear-resistant performance of cutter teeth include adopting reasonable structural design,selecting suitable wear-resistant materials and technology,improving the characteristics of dredging medium and reserving excess wear thickness,which can provide theoretical guidance for the further development of dredging production and the selection of wear-resistant cutter teeth.