夹缝中的“招生冻结法案”:美国顶尖公立大学招生困境及其纠葛——以加州伯克利大学为个案之探讨

The Enrollment Freeze Bill Caught in the Crossfire:The Admission Dilemma and Its Entanglements at America's Top Public Universities—A Case Study of University of California,Berkeley

加州长期以来作为教育强州、大州,最为瞩目的成就即是在基础教育、高中教育、高等教育国际化、高等教育大众化方面的优势,成为了其他各省的“教育最佳示范模式”。加州大学系统作为北美最具影响力的高等教育系统,始终将“面向全体学生”的招生模式作为入学选拔宗旨,为了实现这一目标,联邦政府、加州政府及加州大学系统下院校做出了巨大的努力。2022年起,加州大学系统最富声望的加州大学伯克利分校却接到了一纸“招生冻结法案”,该“冻结法案”犹如一石激起千层浪,引发了加州政学各界与公众的反应。纵观加州伯克利大学经历的“减招案”的一系列危机与风波,其中所折射出了深刻的内在涵义,也意味着美国公立大学逐渐“企业化”的运营,所面临的种种多边博弈与现实纠葛,势必需要在“地方影响”与“维持大学自治性”的夹缝中不断寻求可能的资源,以利其自身高等教育系统的持续性生存。

For a long time,California has been a strong and large state in education,and its most notable achievements are its advantages in basic education,high school education,internationalization of higher education and popularization of higher education,which makes California“The Predominant Leader in Education of the Whole Nation”.The University of California system,as the most influential higher education system in North America,has always taken“all students”education model as the purpose of admission selection.In order to achieve this goal,the federal government,the California State government and the universities under the University of California system have made great efforts.Since 2022,UC Berkeley,the most prestigious under the University of California system,has received“Enrollment Freeze Bill”,which,like throwing a stone into a calm lake,causing thousand layers of waves,arouses reactions from all circles of California's politics,academics and public.The series of crises and controversies of“enrollment reduction”experienced by the UC Berkeley reflect the profound internal significance,and also imply that public universities in the United States are gradually operating like“enterprises”and facing various multilateral games and real-world entanglements,which requires continuous efforts made to seek possible resources in the squeeze between“local influence”and“maintaining university autonomy”so as to achieve the sustainable survival of their own higher education systems.