中国沿海省份环境中^(239+240)Pu的来源与含量水平

The source and level of ^(239+240)Pu in the environment of coastal provinces in China

放射性核素^(239+240)Pu是环境中一类极毒的核素,也是核安全评估与放射性污染防治的敏感点。本文主要利用329个站位数据,从空气、土壤、河流沉积物以及湖泊沉积物中^(239+240)Pu含量水平等4个方面,探讨中国沿海省份环境中^(239+240)Pu的来源和含量水平;并初步建立了环境中以1μBq/m^(3)或者1 mBq/g为基准值^(239+240)Pu相对含量水平的评估体系标准。研究结果表明,中国沿海省份空气、土壤、河流和湖泊沉积物中^(239+240)Pu均处于本底辐射水平,不存在安全风险,来源于全球大气核试验沉降,与中国沿海核电厂的运行没有明显关联。

The ^(239+240)Pu is a highly toxic radionuclide in the environment,and it is also the focus of nu‐clear safety assessment and radioactive pollution prevention.This study mainly uses published data from 329 stations to analyze the ^(239+240)Pu amount in the air,soils,river sediments,and lake sediments in coastal provinces in China,thus,providing a three-dimensional description of the sources and levels of the 239+240Pu in the environment of the area.On this basis,the study established a relative evaluation system of the ^(239+240)Pu level in the environment of 1μBq/m^(3) or 1 mBq/g.The results show that the ^(239+240)Pu in the air,soils,rivers and lakes of coastal provinces are at a low quasi-background level,indi‐cating that they are from global fallout,have nothing to do with the operation of Chinese nuclear power plants(NPPs),and have no safety risk at present in the environment.