榆林地区5个谷子品种营养品质特性的比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Quality Characteristics of Five Millet Cultivars in Yulin

榆林是我国小杂粮的主产区和优势产区之一,当地栽培有多个优良的谷类品种。本试验选取榆林产区1种农家品种和4种引种栽培的谷子品种来对水分、灰分、粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量等营养指标进行测定并比较分析。结果表明:除水分、灰分外,其余各指标中不同品种间差异显著。其中,农家品种水分含量最高,为8.43%;灰分含量最低,为1.03%;粗蛋白含量最高,为10.45%;粗纤维含量也较高,为1.21%;粗脂肪含量达到所有品种的平均水平,为3.98%;支链淀粉的含量最低,为12.60 mg/g,支链淀粉与直链淀粉含量比例最低,说明农家品种黏性、柔软性、光泽度较低;5748谷子支链淀粉和直链淀粉的比值最高为8.71,说明5748谷子的黏性、柔软性、光泽度最好。不同营养品质间有不同的相关性,该研究为当地谷子育种及品种资源的改良研究提供理论依据。

Yulin is one of China’s main and dominant production areas of minor grain crops.A variety of excellent cereal varieties are cultivated locally.In this experiment,one variety and four introduced millet varieties in the Yulin production area were selected to determine and compare the nutritional indexes such as moisture,ash,crude fiber,crude fat,crude protein content,amylose and amylopectin content.The results showed significant differences in five different millet in the Yulin production area in other indexes except for moisture and ash content.Compared with other varieties,the moisture content of farm varieties was 8.43%,which was the highest.The ash content was 1.03%,which was the lowest.The content of crude protein was 10.45%,which was the highest.The content of crude fiber was 1.21%,which was also high.The crude fat content was 3.98%,which reached the overall average level.The content of amylopectin was 12.60 mg/g,which was the lowest.The ratio of amylopectin to amylose was the lowest,indicating that farm varieties had low viscosity,softness,and gloss.The highest ratio of amylopectin and amylose in 5748 millet was 8.71,indicating that 5748 millet had the best viscosity,softness,and gloss.Different nutrients had different correlations.This study provides a theoretical basis for local millet breeding and the improvement of variety resources.