工科研究生科学素养和创新能力的培养方式探讨

Cultivation Mode of Scientific Literacy and Innovation Ability about Engineering Postgraduates

新一轮科技革命正全面改变着人类的生产和生活,对高校的人才培养也提出了新的需求。传统工科研究生培养在科学素养和创新能力方面重视不够,难以很好适应新形势下的社会发展和企业要求,研究生培养方式的改革势在必行。本文通过调查问卷的方式,对全国范围内40余所高校的工科研究生进行了调查,总结分析了我国目前研究生培养在培养方案、创新意识和教学方法等方面存在的不足,提出了实现培养方式多元化、夯实基础教学、突出创新实践能力相结合的措施;并基于STEM教育理论,从政府、学校和学生三个层面,提出在工科研究生培养过程中强化学科交叉融合能力的实施方案。

The new round of scientific and technological revolution is changing the production and life of human beings in an all-around way,and it also puts forward new demands for cultivating students in colleges and universities.The traditional cultivation mode of engineering postgraduates needs to pay more attention to scientific literacy and innovation ability to adapt to the new situation’s social development and enterprise requirements.Therefore,it is imperative to reform the cultivation mode of engineering postgraduates.This paper uses questionnaires to investigate engineering postgraduates in more than 40 colleges and universities in China.Then the shortcomings in the cultivation program,innovative consciousness,and teaching methods are summarized and analyzed.The combined measurements are put forward about the diversified cultivation methods,tamping the foundation teaching and highlighting the innovative,practical ability.Based on STEM education theory,the suggestions from three levels of government,universities,and students are proposed to strengthen the interdisciplinary integration in cultivating engineering postgraduates.