基于大球盖菇种植的园林废弃物资源化利用研究

Study on Resource Utilization of Green Waste Based on Cultivation of Stropharia rugosoannulata

为促进园林废弃物资源化利用,本试验分林下和温室2个试验组,3种栽培料配方CK、配方1、配方2中园林废弃物占比分别为0%、12%、42%,探究园林废弃物木屑配比以及林下环境对大球盖菇菌丝生长、产量、品质方面的影响,通过综合评价筛选出较优配方。结果表明:与室内畦栽相比,林下畦栽的大球盖菇产量明显增加。添加适当比例的园林废弃物木屑,对于大球盖菇栽培效果具有正面作用。栽培环境为林下时,配方1处理(42%木屑)的大球盖菇产量最高,达到85760 kg·hm^(-2),较常规配方(CK)相比增加了157.7%,生物学效率57.17%,较CK提高了34.98%,子实体菇形好,多糖含量较丰富。综合评价中,3个配方的隶属值排名依次为配方1、CK、配方2。配方1适合作为天津林下大规模种植大球盖菇的参考配方。研究表明:将园林废弃物用于林下大球盖菇栽培,有利于提高大球盖菇产量和生物学效率,在提高绿废资源利用率和林下空间利用效率的同时,又可以增产增收,生态效益和经济效益兼得,发展前景广阔。

In order to promote green waste resource utilization,in this experiment,there were two experimental groups:understory and greenhouse,and green waste in three cultivation formula CK,formula 1 and formula 2 accounted for 0%,12%and 42%,respectively.The effects of green waste sawdust ratio and forests environment on the Stropharia rugosoannulata mycelium growth,yield and quality of influence were detected.And the optimal formula was screened by comprehensive evaluation.It was found that compared with the indoor cultivation,the yield of S.rugosoannulata was significantly increased in the understory cultivation.Adding proper proportion of green waste wood chips had positive effect on cultivation effect of mushroom.When the cultivation environment was under the forest,formula 1 treatment(42% sawdust)had the highest yield of 85760 kg·hm^(-2),which was 157.7% higher than that of the conventional formula(CK),and the biological efficiency was 57.17%,which was 34.98% higher than that of CK.The fruiting body mushroom had better shape and rich polysaccharide content.In the comprehensive evaluation,the membership values of the three formulas were ranked as formula 1,CK,and formula 2.Formula 1 was suitable for the reference formula of large-scale cultivation of S.rugosoannulata under the forest in Tianjin.The research showed that the use of green waste for the cultivation of under-forest S.rugosoannulata was beneficial to improve the yield and biological efficiency.It can increase production and income while improving the utilization rate of green waste resources and the efficiency of under-forest space utilization,both ecological and economic benefits,and broad prospects for development.