不同运动贴扎技术对跳深着陆时膝关节应力的影响

Effects of different taping methods on knee joint stress during drop jump landing

背景:贴扎作为一种有效预防运动过程中损伤的方法已得到广泛应用,但采用不同的贴扎方式对膝关节内部应力的影响尚不清晰。目的:分析不同类型贴扎在跳深着陆中对女性篮球运动者膝关节运动学、动力学和软骨、半月板、前交叉韧带应力分布差异的影响。方法:①招募10名武汉体育学院篮球专项女大学生,身高(166.60±1.64)cm,体质量(57.50±2.87)kg,年龄(22.40±1.77)岁。每名受试者分别在膝关节无贴扎、肌内效贴扎、重弹贴扎的条件下进行跳跃动作,采集跳深着陆时膝关节运动学与地面反作用力数据。②基于膝关节三维有限元模型,以垂直地面反作用力峰值时刻膝关节运动学数据作为边界条件,以股骨长轴方向的合力作为载荷,分析跳深着陆过程中膝关节模型的应力分布情况。结果与结论:①收集受试者跳深着陆数据显示,无贴扎组、肌内效贴扎组触地时刻膝关节外翻角度大于重弹贴扎组(P<0.05);无贴扎组垂直地面反作用力峰值时刻膝关节膝外翻角度大于肌内效贴扎组、重弹贴扎组(P<0.05),缓冲阶段峰值膝关节膝外翻角度均大于肌内效贴扎组、重弹贴扎组(P<0.05),缓冲阶段膝关节峰值膝关节内翻角度小于肌内效贴扎、重弹贴扎组(P<0.05);无贴扎组、肌内效贴扎组缓冲阶段峰值膝关节内旋角大于重弹贴扎组(P<0.05);②有限元模型分析结果显示,无贴扎组股骨软骨外侧髁中部、外侧胫骨软骨中部与外侧半月板前角内侧缘为应力集中部位;肌内效贴扎组股骨软骨外侧髁中部,重弹贴扎组股骨软骨内侧髁中部及肌内效贴和重弹贴扎组内侧胫骨软骨中部外侧、内侧半月板体部内侧缘为应力集中部位;③结果显示,肌内效贴扎与重弹贴扎均能改善落地缓冲时膝关节额状面的运动模式,减少膝关节外侧软骨及前交叉韧带股骨止点处的应力,而且重弹贴扎对于改善膝关节水平面内旋角度也有一定的作用,在运动中膝关节额状面与水平面控制能力较差的人群可采用贴扎的方式,以提高落地缓冲时膝关节的动态控制能力,保护膝关节免受损伤。

BACKGROUND:As an effective protection method,taping has been widely used;however,the influence of different taping methods on the internal stress of the knee joint is not clear.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of different kinds of taping on knee kinematics,dynamics and the stress distribution of cartilage,meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament during prevention of drop jump landing in female basketball players.METHODS:(1)Ten female basketball majors from Wuhan Sports University were recruited,with a height of(166.60±1.64)cm,a body mass of(57.50±2.87)kg and a mean age of(22.40±1.77)years.The knee joint kinematics and ground reaction forces data were collected in participants without taping,with kinesio taping and elastic adhesive taping during drop jump landing.(2)The stress distribution of knee joint model was analyzed,which was based on the three-dimensional finite element model of the knee joint,the kinematic data of knee joint at peak vertical ground reaction force as the boundary condition and the resultant force in the long axis direction of the femur as the load.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Drop jump landing data exhibited that knee valgus angles in non-taping and kinesio taping groups were larger than that in the elastic adhesive taping group when hitting the ground(P<0.05).The knee valgus angles were larger in the non-taping group than that in the kinesio taping and elastic adhesive taping groups at the peak vertical ground reaction force(P<0.05).The knee valgus angles were larger in the non-taping group than that in the kinesio taping and elastic adhesive taping groups in the buffering period(P<0.05).The peak knee varus angle of non-taping group was smaller than that in the kinesio taping and elastic adhesive taping groups in the buffering period(P<0.05).The peak internal rotation angle of the knee joint was larger in the non-taping and kinesio taping groups than that in the elastic adhesive taping group(P<0.05).(2)Finite element model analysis results displayed that stress concentration was located in the middle of lateral condyle of femoral cartilage and lateral tibial cartilage,the medial margin of anterior horn of lateral meniscus in non-taping group.The middle of lateral condyle of femoral cartilage in the kinesio taping group,medial condyle of femoral cartilage in the elastic adhesive taping group,medial lateral part of medial tibial cartilage and medial margin of medial meniscus body in the kinesio taping and elastic adhesive taping groups were the stress concentration sites.(3)These results exhibited that the kinesio taping and elastic adhesive taping can reduce the sport mode of the frontal plane of the knee joint during landing buffering and decrease the stress on the lateral cartilage of the knee joint,the meniscus,and the femoral insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament.Furthermore,the elastic adhesive taping has a certain effect on promoting the horizontal internal rotation angle of knee joint.People with poor control of the frontal plane of the joint can use taping to improve the dynamic control of the knee joint during landing buffering and prevent the knee joint from injury.