手性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的合成及在载药递药中的应用

Synthesis and drug loading and delivery applications of chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticles

背景:近些年来,手性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒逐渐成为了一种热门的药物载体,其是凭借哪些性能具有独特递送药物优势呢?目的:探讨手性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒在药物递送系统中发挥优势作用的关键因素。方法:从手性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的合成、成型机制、手性性质、载药释药性能及生物安全性研究等方面入手,利用PubMed和中国知网数据库检索1990-2022年的有关文献,根据纳入与排除标准对所有文章进行初筛后,保留相关性较高的49篇文章进行综述。结果与结论:除了模板是合成手性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的重要条件外,表面活性剂及反应温度、酸碱度、搅拌速度、表面活性剂链长、阴阳离子等因素对合成材料的结构也有所影响。在作为药物载体的应用中,手性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的扭曲孔道使其在载药和递药方面更具优势,如手性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的高孔隙网络结构特性可以增加药物的负载量。一般情况下,手性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的比表面积和孔容越大,载药量越高。手性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的孔径对药物的晶体结构有抑制作用,可有效改变药物晶型为无定形,从而显著提高药物的生物利用度。如何根据药物应用需求精确设计具有手性形貌或手性结构亦或分子级手性的手性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒是实现该种载体应用价值的关键问题,有待更多的研究。

BACKGROUND:In recent years,chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticle gradually becomes widely studied drug carriers.With which properties does it have unique drug delivery advantages?OBJECTIVE:To explore the key parameters that chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticles play a dominant role in drug delivery systems.METHODS:Starting from the synthesis,molding mechanism,chiral properties,drug-carrying release properties and biosafety of chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticles,PubMed and CNKI were used to retrieve articles published from 1990 to 2022.All articles were initially screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 49 articles with higher relevance were retained for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In addition to the template being an important condition for the synthesis of chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticles,the surfactant,reaction temperature,pH,stirring speed,chain length of the surfactant,anions and cations and other factors also affect the structure of the synthetic materials.In the application as drug carriers,chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticles have more advantages in drug loading and delivery due to their twisted pores,such as the high pore network structure of chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticles can increase the drug loading.In general,the larger the specific surface area and pore volume of chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticles,the higher the drug loading.The pore size of chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticles can inhibit the crystal structure of drugs,and effectively change the drug crystal form to amorphous,thus significantly improving the bioavailability of drugs.How to accurately design chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticles with chiral morphology,chiral structure or molecular chirality according to drug application needs is a key problem realizing the application value of this carrier,which needs more investigation.