巴赫金时空体诗学对康德时空观的辩证吸收

Dialectical Absorption of Kant’s View of Space-Time in Bakhtin’s Poetics of Chronotopea

巴赫金的时空观受到诸如牛顿万有引力理论、闵可夫斯基和爱因斯坦的四维时空论等多种时空思维的滋养和影响。以康德主体性哲学为主干的时空观不失为最为基础自然也是至为重要的思想资源和理论参照,客观上构成巴赫金时空体诗学建构中的“康德因子”。尽管如此,巴赫金在认真思考、辩证领悟康德主体性时空直觉观的同时,有效达成了三重转换:一是从纯粹“人的立场”到审美移情;二是由感性直观到“具体的整体”;三是由时空直觉走向客观整体性。据此,巴赫金创造性地建构起具有经典品质的时空体诗学理论。

Bakhtin’s view of space-time is nourished and influenced by many kinds of space-time thinking,such as Newton’s theory of universal gravitation,Minkowski and Einstein’s four-dimensional space-time theory.However,there is no doubt that the concept of time and space based on Kant’s subjective philosophy is the most fundamental natural and important ideological resource and theoretical reference,which objectively constitutes the“Kant factor”in the construction of Bakhtin’s space-time poetics.Nevertheless,Bakhtin achieved three transfor-mations while seriously thinking and dialectically comprehending Kant’s subjective space-time intuition:the first is transformation from pure“human position”to aesthetic empathy;the second is transformation from perceptual intuition to“concrete entirety”;the third is the transformation from space-time intuition to objective integrity.Accordingly,Bakhtin creatively constructed the chronotope poetics with classical quality.