义务教育均等化供给与居民收入再分配--基于农村微观数据的实证研究

Equal Supply of Compulsory Education and Redistribution of Residents’Income--An Empirical Study Based on Rural Micro Data

从教育支出与质量两个方面考察农村义务教育供给对收入再分配的具体影响。教育供给通过两种机制影响个体收入:一是通过调节学历水平对收入的促进作用,间接增加个体收入;二是作为独立的因素直接增加个体收入。基于影响机制对农村义务教育供给的收入再分配效应的研究表明,农村义务教育供给水平仍然未实现均等化。以教育支出视角考察,由于其具有一定的累进性,农村家庭从小学、初中教育的获益使得当期基尼系数分别降低了7.3%、2.5%;以教育质量视角考察,其对农村收入差距起到了扩大作用,如果教育供给质量实现均等化,则基尼系数最高可降低5.8%。此外,小学教育供给水平对收入再分配的影响大于初中教育供给水平的影响。

From education input and education quality,this paper examines the impact of rural compulsory education on residents’income distribution.By constructing the model of relationship between education supply and income,we confirmed that education supply affects individual income through two mechanisms:first,by adjusting the role of education level in promoting income,it indirectly improves future income;second,as an independent influencing factor,it directly increases the income.This paper further studies the short-term and long-term impact of the supply of rural compulsory education on income redistribution.From the perspective of education input,rural families’benefit from primary education reduced the Gini coefficient by 7.3%,and the benefit from junior school education reduced by 2.5%.From the perspective of education quality,it has played a lasting role in expanding the rural income gap.However,if the quality of education supply is further inclined to rural low-income families,the Gini coefficient can be further reduced by 5.8%.In addition,this study found that the impact of primary education supply level on income distribution is greater than that of junior school education supply.