黄化品种茶树“金凤2号”幼龄遮荫栽培技术研究

Study on Shading Cultivation Techniques for Etiolated Tea Variety"Jinfeng 2"at Seedling Stage

研究开展以“金凤2号”为代表的黄化品种茶树幼龄期遮荫栽培试验,探究黄化品种茶树幼龄管理技术,为黄化品种茶树幼龄管理提供理论支持。研究了遮荫处理对黄化品种幼龄茶树的物候期、新梢生长量、鲜叶产量等农艺性状指标和茶叶化学品质、感官品质等品质指标的影响。结果表明:遮荫处理可使黄化品种茶树物候期提前2~3 d;可有效增加幼龄期茶树的树幅,有利于黄化品种茶树树高生长;对于成龄茶园首年增产有一定作用;能有效提升黄化品种茶树鲜叶的游离氨基酸(极显著升高72.76%)、茶氨酸含量(极显著升高77.24%),降低儿茶素总量(显著下降30.58%),但对水浸出物影响不大;幼龄遮荫栽培的黄化品种茶树鲜叶感官品质评分总体高于对照,突出体现“鲜爽”滋味特点。综上表明,对黄化品种茶树幼龄期遮荫栽培有利于加强其幼龄期生长势,并且对成龄后茶树鲜叶的产量和品质有积极影响。

With etiolated tea variety‘Jinfeng 2’as representative variety,a shading cultivation experiment was conducted to explore the key management techniques for etiolated tea varieties,so as to provide theoretical support for management of etiolated tea varieties at seedling stage.According to the basic principles and methods for tea cultivation and tea quality evaluation,the phenophase,shoot growth and yield of each treatment group,the chemical and sensory quality of fresh tea leaves were investigated.The results showed that the phenological period of tea trees was advanced by 2~3 days after shading treatment;Shading treatment could effectively increase the width of young tea trees,which were beneficial to the height growth;Shading treatment at young age had a certain effect on the yield of mature tea garden;Shading treatment at seedling stage could effectively increase the free amino acid(72.76%)and the anine content(77.24%)of raw materials from etiolated mature tea tree,and reduce the total amount of catechins(30.58%)with little effect on water extract;The sensory quality of fresh leaves of shading tea was higher than that of the control,which could strengthen the"fresh"taste characteristics.In conclusions,shading cultivation of etiolated tea varieties at seedling stage is beneficial to strengthening their growth,and has a positive impact on the yield and fresh leaves quality of mature tea plants in the long run.