减量施氮配施复合微生物肥料对旱地苹果产量、品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction and Combined Application of Compound Microbial Fertilizer on Apple Yield and Quality in Dryland

探究减量施氮配施复合微生物肥料对旱地苹果生长、产量、品质的影响,为苹果园减肥增效和合理使用化肥提供科学依据。以6年生红富士苹果树为试材,设置4个施肥处理:常规施氮+复合微生物肥料(T1)、常规施氮+清水(T2)、氮肥减量15%+复合微生物肥料(T3)、氮肥减量15%+清水(T4),连续3年观测苹果叶片和果实生长、产量、品质等变化。研究结果表明,与常规施氮相比较,氮肥减量15%不会显著影响苹果产量、品质及叶片氮磷钾含量,喷施复合微生物肥料能显著增加苹果产量和提高部分品质项目,常规施氮和氮肥减量15%模式下,分别可使苹果产量增加11.11%和13.27%,果形指数增加0.07和0.06,糖酸比增加19.02和24.40,天冬氨酸含量增加0.048和0.020mg/100g,总酚含量增加0.253和0.323mg/g,并显著增加了叶片磷含量。喷施复合微生物肥料可有效增加苹果产量并提高苹果品质,是实现旱地苹果园减肥增效的有效途径。

The effects of nitrogen reduction and combined application of microbial fertilizer on the growth,yield and fruit quality of apple in dry land were studied to provide scientific basis for fertilizer reduction,increasing efficiency and applying rational chemical fertilizer.Six-year-old Red Fuji apple trees were taken as material,four fertilization treatments were set in three consecutive years for observing the growth,yield and quality of apple leaves and fruits.The four treatments were conventional application of nitrogen+compound microbial fertilizer(T1),conventional application of nitrogen+water(T2),nitrogen reduction 15%+compound microbial fertilizer(T3),nitrogen reduction 15%+water(T4).The results showed that the 15%reduction of nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly affect the yield,quality and N,P,K content in apple leaves compared with the conventional application of nitrogen.The application of compound microbial fertilizer increased apple yield and improved some quality index significantly.Under conventional application of nitrogen and 15%reduction of nitrogen fertilizer,the apple yield was increased by 11.11%and 13.27%,fruit shape index increased by 0.07 and 0.06,sugar/acid ratio increased by 19.02 and 24.40,aspartic acid content increased by 0.048 and 0.020mg/100g,total phenol content increased by 0.253 and 0.323mg/g,respectively.Both of them increased leaf phosphorus content significantly.Spraying of compound microbial fertilizer can effectively increase the yield and quality of apple,which is an effective way to reduce application of fertilizer and improve efficiency of the apple orchards in dryland.