磷肥对甘肃临夏地区燕麦干草及种子生产的影响

Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer on Seed and Hay Yield of Avena sativa in Linxia of Gansu Province

为确定甘肃高寒雨养区燕麦(Avena sativa)种子生产中磷肥最佳用量,提高肥料利用效率,试验在氮肥(尿素)用量75 kg·hm^(-2)的固定水平下,设计4个磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))水平(0(CK),65(C_(1)),100(C_(2)),135(C_(3))kg·hm^(-2)),对各磷肥水平下干草产量、种子产量和相关性状的变化进行了研究。结果表明:施用磷肥使燕麦的株高、茎粗、分蘖和干草产量均有提高,灌浆期C_(1),C_(2),C_(3)干草产量较CK依次提高13.85%,25.96%,22.65%,干草产量与磷肥水平显著正相关(相关系数0.91);施用磷肥提高了燕麦的有效分蘖数、主穗长,显著提高主穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重、种子产量和秸秆产量,C_(1),C_(2),C_(3)种子产量较CK依次提高12.37%,16.72%,14.38%,种子产量与磷肥水平显著正相关(相关系数0.89);P_(2)O_(5)100 kg·hm^(-2)是临夏地区燕麦干草和种子生产比较合理的施磷量。

To determine the optimal amount of phosphate fertilizer for the seed production of Avena sativa in alpine rainfed area of Gansu Province and fertilizer use efficiency,four levels of phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))(0 for CK,65 kg·hm^(-2)for C_(1),100 kg·hm^(-2)for C_(2),135 kg·hm^(-2)for C_(3)kg·hm^(-2))were designed to study the changes of seed yield and related traits.The results were shown as followed.Compared with CK,plant height,stem diameter,tiller and hay yield of C_(1),C_(2)and C_(3)were increased,and hay yield of C_(1),C_(2)and C_(3)increased by 13.85%,25.96%and 22.65%respectively.Hay yield and seed yield were significantly positively correlated with phosphate fertilizer,with correlation coefficient of 0.91 and 0.89 respectively.Phosphate fertilizer increased the values of tiller and spike length,and significantly improved effective tiller,spike grain weight,1000-grain weight,seed yield and straw yield.Seed yield of C_(1),C_(2)and C_(3)was 12.37%,16.72%and 14.38%higher than that of CK,respectively.P_(2)O_(5)100 kg·hm^(-2)is a suitable amount of phosphorus for oat hay and seed production in Linxia.