不同恢复措施修复黑土山植被效果研究

A Study on the Effect of Different Restoration Measures on Vegetation Restoration in Bare Land of Mountain

与黑土滩恢复相比,三江源区黑土山植被恢复技术研究尚处于初期。在青海省达日县黑土山上采用微耕机翻耕一遍+人工撒播(处理A)、微耕机翻耕两遍+人工撒播(处理B)、旋耕机翻耕+撒播机撒播(处理C)、挖掘机开沟+人工条播(处理D)、免耕播种(E)、人工耙翻+人工撒播(处理F)等六种方式建植同德短芒披碱草+青海草地早熟禾人工草地并研究不同恢复措施下的植被群落特征,以筛选黑土山的最佳恢复措施。结果表明:A、B、C处理的同德短芒披碱草的盖度、高度、地上生物量显著较高(P<0.05),根冠比显著较小(P<0.05),地下生物量各措施间无显著差异;Pielou指数在A处理最高,Margalef指数和Shannon-Wiener指数在E处理最高,但仅Margalef指数差异显著(P<0.05);A、B、C处理总盖度和总地上生物量显著较高(P<0.05)。综合盖度、生物量、多样性分析表明,黑土山植被快速恢复可选择微耕机翻耕一遍+人工撒播措施。

Compared with the restoration of the black soil beaches,research on vegetation restoration techniques in the bare land of mountain(black soil mountain)of the Three Rivers Source area is still in its early stages.Six different methods were used to establish artificial grasslands of Elymus sibiricus cv.Tongde and Poa pratensis cv.Qinghai,on bar land of mountain in Dari County,Qinghai Province.These methods included:one-time plowing with a micro-tiller+manual broadcasting(Treatment A),two-time plowing with a micro-tiller+manual broadcasting(Treatment B),plowing with a rotary tiller+sowing with a seeder(Treatment C),ditching with an excavator+manual drilling(Treatment D),no-till seeding(Treatment E),and manual raking+manual broadcasting(Treatment F).The characteristics of the vegetation community under different restoration measures were studied to identify the optimal restoration measures for the bare land of mountain.The results showed that the coverage,height,and aboveground biomass of Elymus sibiricus cv.Tongde were significantly higher(P<0.05)in treatment A,B,and C than in other treatments,while the root-to-crown ratio was significantly lower(P<0.05)in these treatments.There was no significant difference in underground biomass among the treatments.The Pielou index was the highest in treatment A,and the Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener index were the highest in treatment E,but only the difference in the Margalef index was significantly(P<0.05).The total coverage and aboveground biomass were significantly higher(P<0.05)in treatment A,B,and C.Based on comprehensive analysis of coverage,biomass,and diversity,the study suggests that restoration of vegetation in the bare land of mountain can be achieved rapidly by using treatment A,which involoves one-time plowing with a micro-tiller and manual broadcasting.