锂矿主要类型、特征、时空分布及找矿潜力分析

Main types,characteristics,distributions,and prospecting potential of lithium deposits

锂是重要的能源金属,分布高度集中。目前可开发利用的锂矿床主要有盐湖卤水型、伟晶岩型、黏土型、锂沸石型、其他卤水型(包括油气田卤水亚类和地热卤水亚类)和离子吸附型6种类型。除伟晶岩型锂矿的时代呈幕式分布,其他类型的锂矿主要集中形成于新生代。新生代锂矿占全球已查明资源量的75%,主要分布于显生宙造山带如安第斯锂三角地区、中国川藏地区、北美科迪勒拉等地区,其余锂矿则主要分布在前寒武纪克拉通如西澳克拉通、刚果克拉通、西非克拉通和加拿大地盾等区域。盐湖卤水型和伟晶岩型锂矿找矿潜力大,是目前勘探开发的主要类型。

Lithium is an important energy metal.At present,there are six types of lithium deposits:salt lake lithium brines,lithium pegmatites,lithium-clays,lithium-zeolites,oil-gas field lithium brines or geothermal lithium brines,and ion-absorption lithium.The pegmatites lithium deposits are of episodic ages and mainly distributed in Precambrian orogenic belts such as Western Australia Craton,Congo Craton,Western Africa Craton and Canadian Shield.Except the pegmatites lithium deposits,all of other lithium deposits are mainly distributed in Cenozoic orogenic belts such as the Andean lithium triangle area,Sichuan-Tibet region of China,Cordillera of North America,accounting for about 75% of the global lithium resources.At present,salt lake lithium brines and lithium pegmatites are of great prospecting potential and are the main types of lithium deposits being explorated and.developed.