5颗导航用X射线脉冲星计时分析

Timing analysis for five navigation X-ray pulsars

脉冲星计时特性分析是开展脉冲星导航和脉冲星时研究的基础,为其提供了精确的脉冲星计时模型参数和辐射特征。本文在系统总结脉冲星计时分析方法的基础上,选择了当前导航中应用最广泛的5颗脉冲星,并利用国内外在轨X射线观测卫星的最新观测数据对其分析,包括:“慧眼”硬X射线调制解调望远镜(HXMT)针对Crab脉冲星和PSR B1509-58的观测,中子星内部结构探测器(NICER)针对PSRs J1821-2452A、J1939+2134和J0030+0451的观测。通过对“慧眼”HXMT和NICER在2017-2021年高精度计时观测数据的分析,获得了较长时间段内脉冲星最新状态的自转特性和物理信息,一方面给定了脉冲星最新的、覆盖时间长、自转参数精度较高的X射线星历,证明在X射线波段也可独立给出较高精度的星历;另一方面建立了它们清晰显著的积分脉冲轮廓,其中在选定的能量段范围内3颗毫秒脉冲星的轮廓是当前最精确的,可为脉冲星导航研究提供最新的标准模板。本文仅对脉冲星的X射线数据进行了分析,未来利用国内外多个望远镜,开展多波段联合计时分析,将是脉冲星计时研究的重要方向。

The timing analysis of pulsars,the basis for pulsar navigation and pulsar time research,provides accurate timing model parameters and radiation information of the pulsar.This work provides a systematic summary of pulsar timing analysis methods and timing analysis results of the five most widely used pulsars in current pulsar navigation including the Crab pulsar and PSR B1509-58 whose observations are made from the“Insight”Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT)in China,and PSRs J1821-2452A,J1939+2134 and J0030+0451 whose observations are made from the Neutron-star Interior Composition Explorer(NICER).Through the analysis of high precision timing observations from“Insight”HXMT and NICER in 2017-2021,the latest rotation characteristics and physical information of pulsars are obtained.On the one hand,the latest X-ray ephemeris of the pulsar with long period time and higher accuracy of rotation parameters are given,and it is proved that high precision ephemeris can be obtained independently in X-ray.On the other hand,clear and significant integrated pulse profiles for five pulsars are established,in which the pulse profiles of the three millisecond pulsars within the selected energy bands are the most accurate,which can provide the latest standard template for pulsar navigation research.This work only analyzes the X-ray observations of pulsars,and using multiple telescopes at home and abroad to carry out multi-band joint timing analysis will be an important direction of pulsar timing research in the future.