职教本科人才培养的现实困境、实践向度与模式构建——基于中国特色高层次学徒制视角

Current Dilemma, Practice Dimension and Model Construction of Talent Training in Undergraduate Vocational Education——Based on the Perspective of High-level Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics

高层次学徒制是现代学徒制向高等教育领域的进一步延伸,为研究职教本科人才培养提供了重要视角。当前,职教本科人才培养存在与社会需求不适配、职业性特点不显著、企业主体育人作用尚未有效发挥等现实困境。在中国特色高层次学徒制视角下,职教本科人才培养应从坚持社会需求导向、以职业能力培养为核心、突出企业主体育人作用三个方面为实践探索向度。构建职教本科人才培养模式需设置企业深度融入的适用专业,确定职业能力导向的培养目标,搭建突出技能培养的课程体系,推进工学交替的教学组织实施,实施多元化的学业考核评估。

The high-level apprenticeship is a further extension of the modern apprenticeship system to the field of higher education, and it provides an important perspective for the study of undergraduate vocational education talent training. At present, there are practical difficulties in the training of talents in undergraduate vocational education, such as incompatibility with social needs, insignificant occupational characteristics, and the ineffective role of enterprises as the main body. From the perspective of high-level apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics, the training of undergraduate vocational talents should be based on the three aspects: adhering to the orientation of social needs, focusing on the cultivation of professional ability, and highlighting the role of entrepreneurs. To build a talent training model for undergraduate vocational education, it is necessary to set up applicable majors that are deeply integrated into enterprises, determine vocational ability-oriented training objectives, build the curriculum system that highlights skills training, carry out teaching activities that alternate between work and study, and implement diversified academic assessments.