护法运动时期湖南地区的灾荒救济

Reasearch on Disaster Relief in Hunan Province during the Period of the Campaign for Defending the Constitution

护法运动时期湖南受水灾、兵灾和匪灾等灾害的影响,农业经济损失惨重,人口大量死亡,社会遭遇重创。为稳定社会秩序,湖南地方各势力都展开了救灾活动,熊希龄和时任湖南督军兼省长的张敬尧是湘灾救济中颇具影响力的两位人物,但由于政治角色和个人品格的差异,二人的赈灾效果相去甚远。此外,义赈会、商会、红十字会和教会等民间团体也积极投身慈善事业,在筹集赈款、医疗救助、开办平粜等方面发挥了重要的作用。

During the period of the campaign for defending the Constitution(from Jul.,1917 to May,1918),Hunan province,hit by floods,disasters of war and banditry etc.,which suffered heavy losses in agriculture and heavy casualties,impairing the society greatly.To keep the society in good order,various local communities or individuals in Hunan engaged themselves in disaster relief,among whom Zhang Jingyao and Xiong Xiling who was the then-provincial governor and military inspector of Hunan,stood as the two most influential figures.However,due to their different characters and political roles,their relief effects were fairly different.In addition,non-governmental organizations such as the National Relief Association,the Chamber of Commerce,the Red Cross society and the Churches also actively participated in the charities of disaster relief,playing an important role in raising money for relief,providing medical assistance and enabling the grain selling at common price.