侦查中第三方数据搜查规制研究

Research on the Regulation of Third-party Search in Data Investigation

大数据时代,侦查机关对第三方网络服务商开展数据搜查已经成为当前重要的侦查措施,却面临着传统的令状规制逐渐失灵问题。通过对第三方数据规制理论的考察发现,立法规制与行为规制在维持个人数据保护与侦查需要上存在失衡情况,过于倾斜保护而忽略侦查需求。在第三方数据搜查中应当推动数据规制从保护到治理的转变,强化侦查机关的数据自我管控,通过引入元规制理论,构建第三方数据搜查规制的价值理念与基本原则,采用“设计”理念促进法律激励,实施数据风险分类,建立风险评估与控制机制强化自我规制,增强同意的可理解性,达到规制第三方数据搜查的目的。

In the era of big data,it has become an important investigative measure for the investigation authorities to conduct data searches on Third-party network service providers.However,the traditional writ regulation has gradually failed.Through the investigation of the Third-party data regulation theory,it is found that there is an imbalance between the legislative regulation and the behavioral regulation in maintaining the personal data protection and the need for investigation,which inclines the protection too much and ignores the investigation itself.In the Third-party data search,we should promote the transformation of data regulation from protection to governance;strengthen the data self-regulation of the investigation authorities;introduce the meta regulation theory;build the value concept and basic principles of Third-party data search regulation;adopt the design concept to promote legal incentives;implement data risk classification;establish risk assessment and control mechanisms;strengthen self-regulation;enhance the understandability of consent;and achieve the purpose of regulating thirdparty data search.