数字时代文艺批评的“圈层化”与“破圈”之道

The “Isolating Circle” of Literary and Art Criticism and the Way to “Break the Circle” in the Digital Age

当下“人人都是批评家”的“狂欢式”批评背后隐藏着“圈层化”的危机。“圈层化”不仅是数字时代社会关系的基本特征,也是当前文艺批评的主要问题。在由“学术圈”“自媒体圈”和“饭圈”构成的批评生态中,每个圈层都建构了一套具有独异性的“批评密码”。实际上,这种“圈层化”的痼疾既与数字资本、消费主义的扩张紧密相关,又与人文学术研究本身和现实问题的隔膜有关,体现了批评话语生成机制的异化,由此造成了数字时代文艺批评的有限性融通和公共批评的丧失。为此,我们主张一种融合历史学与现象学、尊重文本经验与阐释批评、倡扬多样化与在场性的“新感受力批评”。它以更纯粹的姿态直面数字时代的文艺现实,不仅为我们提供了一种数字时代恢复感知批评的新契机,也为未来文艺批评的发展提供了有益的探索。

Behind the current carnival situation of literary and art criticism characterized by “everyone being a critic” lies the crisis of “Isolating Circle”. The so-called “Isolating Circle” is not only the basic feature of social relations in the digital age, but also the main problem of current literary and art criticism. In the critical ecology composed of “academic circle”, “we-media circle” and “fan circle”, each of these circles has constructed a set of unique “critical code”. In fact, this chronic disease of “circle” is not only closely related to the expansion of digital rationality and consumerism, but also related to the separation between humanities research itself and practical problems, which reflects the alienation of the generation mechanism of critical discourse, resulting in the limited integration of literary criticism and the loss of public criticism in the digital age. Therefore, we advocate a “Neo-perceptive Criticism” that combines history and phenomenology, respects textual experience and interpretive criticism, and advocates a criticism of diversity and presence. It faces the reality of literature and art in the digital age with a purer attitude, which not only provides us with a new opportunity to restore perceptual criticism in the digital age, but also provides a beneficial exploration of the development of literary and art criticism in the future.