干旱胁迫对大豆光合、产量及品质的影响

Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis,yield and quality of soybean

以大豆品种陇中黄601、陇中黄602、中品661、晋豆21为材料,设置正常灌水(CK)、中度干旱(D_(1))、重度干旱(D_(2))3个水平进行干旱胁迫处理,采用2 a试验分析大豆苗期、开花期和鼓粒期光合生理生态指标以及成熟后农艺性状、产量和品质的差异。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度的加重,大豆生长指标、光合指标及产量均呈递减趋势,在重度干旱胁迫(D_(2))下,大豆产量降幅最大达到56.7%。D_(2)处理开花期的P n降幅最大,达45.15%,苗期的叶绿素SPAD值升高幅度最大,为21.92%。各品质指标均随干旱程度的增加呈上升趋势,D_(2)处理下,大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量比CK分别增加4.51%和1.77%。不同品种的蛋白质、脂肪、果糖、亚油酸、亚麻酸、油酸、硬脂酸、非必需氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量与产量呈负相关,蔗糖、淀粉多糖和棕榈酸含量与产量呈正相关,说明干旱胁迫下大豆产量和品质的提升仍存在矛盾。早熟品种陇中黄601丰产抗旱,适宜在干旱半干旱区种植。

To explore the effect of different degrees of drought stress on soybean agronomic traits,photosynthetic physiology,yield and quality,soybean varieties Longzhonghuang 601,Longzhonghuang 602,Zhongpin 661 and Jindou 21 were used as materials in drought-resistant sheds from 2020 to 2021,and three levels of normal irrigation(CK),moderate drought(D_(1)),and severe drought(D_(2))were set up in drought-resistant sheds for drought stress.The photosynthetic physio-ecological indicators,agronomic traits,yield and quality of soybean under different treatments were measured at seedling,flowering,and bulging stages of soybean.The results indicated that soybean growth index,photosynthetic index and yield all showing a decreasing trend with the increase of drought stress.Under the severe drought stress(D_(2)),soybean yield was significantly reduced,with the largest reduction in yield reaching 56.7%.Under D_(2) treatment,P n at flowering stage decreased the most,which was 45.15%lower than that of CK,and SPAD value at seedling stage increased the greatest with 21.92%.The content of the main indicators related to quality showed an upward trend with the increase of drought degree.Under D_(2) treatment,protein and fat content increased by 4.51%and 1.77%,respectively,compared with CK.The content of protein,fatty,fructose,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,oleic acid,stearic acid,non-essential amino acids and essential amino acids were negatively correlated with yield,while the content of sucrose,starch polysaccharide and palmitic acid were positively correlated with yield in different varieties,indicating that there was still a contradiction between yield and quality improvement of soybean under drought stress.Early maturing variety Longzhonghuang 601 with high yielding and drought resistant was suitable for planting in arid and semi-arid areas.