孕产妇感染新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株的研究现状

Research Status of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant-infected Pregnant Women

COVID-19的新变种B.1.1.529于2021年11月24日首次由南非正式报告给世界卫生组织(WHO)。目前高度传染性的Omicron已成为世界上最流行的COVID-19变异株。尽管初步数据表明,妊娠期间感染Omicron变异株发生母胎严重并发症的风险低于以前的变异株及Delta变异株,但由于病毒传播速度快,受害人群广,其临床危害仍值得产科医生的关注。本文从Omicron变异株感染流行现状、孕妇感染Omicron的临床特点、预防和治疗以及新生儿母乳喂养等几个方面展开综述,认为Omicron感染不会增加早期自然流产率及婴儿先天性畸形发生率,但有可能增加孕晚期妊娠期高血压疾病、早产、剖宫产及产后出血等风险,同时也提出了相应的管理策略建议,希望对我国新型冠状病毒孕产妇感染的诊疗策略提供参考。

The new variant B.1.1.529 of COVID-19 was reported to the WHO for the first time by South Africa on No⁃vember 24,2021.At present,Omicron has become the dominant strain in the world and is spreading rapidly.Although Omicron infected during pregnancy shows the lower risk of serious maternal and fetal complications than the previous vari⁃ants and Delta variant,the rapid increase in the number of cases and the wide range of patients still worth attention of ob⁃stetricians.This article reviews the prevalence of Omicron variant infection,the clinical characteristics,the prevention and the treatment of pregnant women infected with Omicron,as well as the breastfeeding of newborns.It is believed that Omicron infection will not increase the rate of early spontaneous abortion and the infant congenital malformations,but it may increase the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders,premature delivery,cesarean section,and postpartum hemor⁃rhage in the third trimester of pregnancy.We put forward corresponding management strategies and suggestions to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus infection in pregnant women in China.