翻译与治理:贞观时期的国家翻译实践

Translation for State Governance:Practice as State Translation Program in the Zhenguan Era of Tang Dynasty

国家翻译实践古已有之,其表现形态、实施模式和治理之用在不同政治历史时期表现出不同特征。唐代的译史、译述、译论表明,贞观时期许多有重大影响的对内、对外翻译事件体现出国家翻译实践特征,国家是翻译活动的主体,通过翻译机构国家化、资源配备集约化、翻译流程协同化、译者身份制度化、翻译产品经典化五种手段,把翻译上升为国家行为,发挥其维护皇权统治、稳定社会秩序、构建国家形象的治理功能。贞观时期在中国翻译史上具有重要地位,对这一时期国家翻译实践的类型、特征和功能进行考察,有助于揭示中国古代制度化翻译与翻译治理的形态和模式,可为当今国家实施翻译治理提供可资借鉴的经验和方案。

State translation program has existed since ancient times.It has different characteristics in manifestation,implementation mode and governance effect in different political and historical periods.The translation history,translation accounts and translation theories in the Tang Dynasty show that many influential in-state and out-state translation events during the Zhenguan era reflect the characteristics of state translation program.It is shown that the state is the subject of translation activities.It is also shown that through nationalization of translation institutions,intensification of resource allocation,coordination of translation process,institutionalization of translators’identity,and canonization of translation products,translation has been elevated to a state act to maintain the rule of imperial power,stabilize social order and build state image.The Zhenguan era plays an important role in Chinese translation history.An investigation of the types,characteristics and functions of state translation program in this era will help to reveal the forms and patterns of institutionalized translation and governance-driven translation in ancient China,and provide valuable experience and approaches for the implementation of governance through translation in today’s states.