缓解还是加剧:政府补贴对贫困农户脆弱性的影响研究

Mitigation or exacerbation:a study of the impact of government subsidies on poor farmers'vulnerability

脱贫攻坚的全面胜利意味着农村绝对贫困问题的解决,下阶段仍要切实做好巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的各项工作。利用2020年鄂南山区S县贫困农户脱贫质量调研数据,研究政府补贴对贫困农户脆弱性的影响机制。结果表明:政府补贴与贫困农户脆弱性之间具有显著的负相关关系,即政府补贴的增加会显著缓解贫困农户的脆弱性;政府补贴与脱贫农户脆弱性之间具有显著的正相关关系,即政府补贴的增加会显著加剧脱贫农户的脆弱性;政府补贴会通过降低脱贫农户自主创收的积极性来加剧其脆弱性。鉴于此,提出如下对策建议:建立科学监测机制,合理运用政府补贴的减贫功能应对零星的返贫与新增贫困问题,防止大规模返贫现象发生;对脱贫农户的后续帮扶应以产业帮扶、就业帮扶等生计类帮扶为主,帮助其构建可持续生计框架,审慎使用并适当减少对其直接转移性资金补贴,避免产生适得其反的帮扶效果。

The comprehensive victory in poverty alleviation means that the problem of absolute poverty in rural areas has been solved,and the results of poverty alleviation must be consolidated and expanded in the next stage.Based on the survey data of poverty alleviation quality in S County,mountainous area of southern Hubei Province in 2020,the impact mechanism of govern⁃ment subsidies on the vulnerability of poor farmers was studied.The results show that:(1)there is a significant negative correla⁃tion between government subsidies and the vulnerability of poor farmers;(2)there is a significant positive correlation between government subsidies and the vulnerability of poverty-alleviated farmers;(3)government subsidies will increase their vulnerabili⁃ty by reducing the enthusiasm of poverty-alleviated farmers to generate income independently.In view of this,the countermea⁃sures are proposed:first,scientific monitoring mechanism should be established to rationally use the poverty reduction function of government subsidies to deal with sporadic poverty returns and new poverty,and prevent large-scale return to poverty;second,the follow-up assistance to poverty-alleviated farmers should focus on livelihood assistance such as industrial assistance and em⁃ployment assistance to help them build a sustainable livelihood framework,and prudently use and appropriately reduce their direct transfer fund subsidies to avoid counterproductive assistance effects.