品特戏剧《看管人》中的后现代他者伦理观

Postmodern Ethics Towards the Otherin Harold Pinter's The Caretaker

《看管人》是品特的代表作之一,该剧描绘了阿斯顿、米克兄弟与流浪汉戴维斯三人间复杂微妙的伦理关系。品特通过阿斯顿被强制送进疯人院的经历解构了西方社会“友爱”观念中隐藏的同质性与暴力,为长期被压抑的他者发声;同时,米克的出现激发了戴维斯作为他者的复杂面相,品特借此思考当“他者”以敌对形式与“我”遭遇时应该如何认识责任的无限性。阿斯顿与戴维斯间的伦理实践则构建了尊重他者的异质性、对他者承担绝对责任的后现代伦理观。品特对伦理关系的哲学思辨为上世纪后半叶英国社会的道德与信仰危机指明了出路。

The Caretaker,one of Pinter's masterpieces,depicts the complex ethical relationship between Aston,Mick brothers and the homeless man Davis.Through Aston's experience of being forced into an insane asylum,Pinter deconstructs the homogeneity and violence hidden in the notion of"fraternity"to give voice to the repressed Other.Meanwhile,Mick's appearance triggers the complex facets of Davis as the Other,through which Pinter peruses the infinite nature of responsibility when the encounter with the Other is in a hostile form.The ethical practice between Aston and Davis constructs a postmodern ethic that respects the Other's heterogeneity and assumes absolute responsibility for the other.Pinter's philosophical reflection on ethical relations points the way out of the crisis of morality and faith in British society in the second half of 20th century.