《墨子》论“物”

The Thoughts on “Things” in Mozi

《墨子》中的“物”涉及许多层面的意义,以往在墨学研究上较忽略此一向度的探讨。文章指出《墨子》对“物”的使用,包括了认知物、思维物与表达物,其使用方式不仅有整体概括,也有相对性概括。从“物”相关的命名、用名的语词代换,可以考察墨家在概念分类、建立言说上各层次思路的发展过程。透过《墨子》论“物”的理论架构,可以了解先秦各家“物论”的特性与彼此间的理论关系。

The category of“things”(Wu)in“Mozi”covers a wide range and has a profound meaning,in previous studies of Mohism,this dimension of discussion has been neglected.This article points out that the meaning of“things”(Wu)in Mozi includes:cognitive objects,thinking objects and expression objects;its meanings are not only generalized as a whole,but also relatively generalized in a small area.From the naming of“things”(Wu)or the substitution of“things”(Wu)with other words,we can understand the process of Mohist’s conceptual classification,theory establishment and thinking development.Through the theoretical framework of“things”(Wu)in“Mozi”,we can understand the characteristics of the theory of things of the pre-Qin schools and their theoretical relationship with each other.