清代手工地毯图案色彩特征及影响因素研究

Research on the Pattern and Color Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Handmade Carpet in Qing Dynasty

中国手工地毯至今已有两千多年的历史,经过历朝历代的文化沉淀以及无数能工巧匠的改良创新,在清代出现了“凡地必毯”的辉煌景象。通过对博物馆、拍卖行线上资源的检索和文献记载的整理,分析清代手工地毯的图案和色彩特征。研究表明,清代地毯的图案色彩历经传承明代的清早期、百花齐放的清中期、走向衰落的清晚期三个阶段;宗教信仰的多样性、官坊织作机构的专业性、帝后对地毯的偏爱性、东西文化的融合性使得不同阶段手工地毯的特征显著。这一研究对深化地毯历史研究有所助益,也可为现代地毯的创新设计提供借鉴。

Chinese handmade carpet has a history of more than two thousand years.After the cultural precipitation of successive dynasties and the improvement and innovation of skilled craftsmen,the glorious scene of"carpets everywhere"appeared in Qing Dynasty.This paper analyzes the patterns and color features of handmade carpets in Qing Dynasty by searching the online resources of museums and auction houses and exploring literatures.The results show that the patterns and colors of carpets in Qing Dynasty have gone through three stages:the early Qing Dynasty which was inherited from Ming Dynasty,the mid Qing Dynasty of blooming flowers,and the late Qing Dynasty which was towards declining.The diversity of religious beliefs,the professionalism of official weaving institutions,the emperor's preference for carpets,and the integration of eastern and western cultures made handmade carpets of different stages have remarkable characteristics.This result is helpful to deepen the historical research of carpet,and can also provide reference for the innovative design of modern carpet.