我国规模化牧场奶牛酮病防治状况调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Prevention and Control Status of Ketosis in Dairy Cow on Large-scale Pastures in China

[目的]为了解2021年我国规模化牧场奶牛酮病发病情况和防控状况。[方法]本文选择105个规模化牧场进行调查,包括酮病发病率、诊断和监测方法、治疗方法、治愈率、防控方法和治疗成本等。[结果]牧场奶牛平均单产为9.7 t,酮病平均发病率为17.9%,高于国外控制目标。大多数牧场奶牛酮病诊断和监测,主要采用检测血液中β-羟丁酸浓度的方法,奶牛酮病治愈率无论单一或综合措施都达90%以上,奶牛酮病综合防控效果明显好于单一措施。[结论]目前我国规模化牧场奶牛酮病发病率控制目标、诊断和监测、治疗和防控仍需更多研究,完善和制定相应的技术规范,为规模化牧场奶牛酮病的高效防控提供技术支撑。

[Objective]To investigate the incidence and control status of ketosis in dairy cow on large-scale pastures in China in 2021.[Method]A total of 105 large-scale farms were selected to investigate the basic situation of ketosis,including the incidence,diagnosis and monitoring methods,treatment methods,cure rate,prevention and control methods,and treatment costs.[Result]The results showed that the average yield of dairy cow was 9.7 t per unit area,and the average incidence of ketosis was 17.9%,which was higher than the control target required by foreign countries.The detection of bloodβ-hydroxybutyric acid concentration is the main method for the diagnosis and monitoring of ketosis in dairy cows in most pastures.The cure rate of ketosis in dairy cows is more than 90%regardless of single or comprehensive measures,and the effect of comprehensive prevention and control of ketosis in dairy cows is significantly better than that of single measure.At the same time,the corresponding summary and suggestions are given.However,more research is needed on the incidence control target,diagnosis and monitoring,treatment,prevention and control of ketosis in dairy cow on large-scale pastures in China,and the corresponding technical specifications need to be improved and formulated to provide technical support for the efficient prevention and control of ketosis in dairy cow on large-scale pastures.