密花豚草的入侵风险及预警防控

Invasion risk,early warning and control of Ambrosia confertiflora

密花豚草Ambrosia confertiflora是一种原产墨西哥和美国的多年生杂草,后入侵到多个国家,给当地的农业、生态、畜牧业等带来了严重危害。除此之外,密花豚草还是多种有害真菌、昆虫的寄主,散发难闻气味污染环境,花粉还会引起易感人群的过敏反应。2018年欧洲和地中海国家植物保护组织(EPPO)将其列入A2类检疫性有害生物名单。豚草属杂草已经被列入我国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录,虽然密花豚草目前在我国尚无分布记录,但是其潜在入侵风险不可忽视。本文通过CLIMEX生物学动态仿真模型结合地理信息系统的方法,分析其在全球以及在我国的适生范围和适生程度,同时对该杂草进入我国的风险等级进行评估。研究结果表明,与我国贸易往来频繁的一些国家以及我国都存在密花豚草高度适生区,密花豚草极有可能通过国际贸易而进入我国,且密花豚草传入我国的风险等级为高度危险。应该提高对该杂草的风险意识,做好风险预警,提高对外来入侵生物的知识储备和公众对有害生物的防范意识,防止密花豚草进入我国,保护我国的农业、林业以及生态安全。

Ambrosia confertiflora is a perennial weed native to Mexico and America.It invaded into many countries and brought serious harm to local agriculture,ecology and animal husbandry.In addition,A.confertiflora is also the host to a variety of harmful fungi and insects,and contaminates the environment with unpleasant smells.Its pollen can cause allergic reactions in susceptible people.In 2018,the Plant Protection Organization of Europe and Mediterranean Countries(EPPO)added A.confertiflora to A2 lists of pest recommended for regulation as quarantine pests.The genus of Ambrosia has also been included in the quarantine pests list in China.Although there is no distribution record of A.confertiflora in China at present,its potential invasion risk can’t be ignored.In this paper,the CLIMEX biological dynamic simulation model and the geographic information system were adopted to analyze the suitable range and degree of A.confertiflora in the world and China,and the invasion risk of A.confertiflora to China was determined.The results show that A.confertiflora has highly suitable areas in China and some countries which have frequent trade with China.Therefore,it is most likely that A.confertiflora can be introduced into China through international trade.At the same time,the risk grade of A.confertiflora introduced into China is high.Therefore,we should improve the risk awareness and risk warning of this weed,increase knowledge of invasive alien species and public awareness of pest defense,prevent A.confertiflora entering our country,and protect China’s agriculture,forestry and ecological security.