居家和社区养老服务供需困境与优化路径--基于安徽省实地调研

Supply and Demand Dilemma and Optimization Path of Home and Community Elderly Care Services:Based on Field Research in Anhui Province

第七次全国人口普查数据显示,我国即将进入深度人口老龄化社会,传统养老模式的社会承载力和满意度日趋式微,养老压力带来的经济困境、社会责任负担等副作用不断传导至社会各个层面。采用问卷调查法和走访调研相结合的方法,以安徽省为例,分析居家和社区养老服务能否有效满足不同老年群体的多样化养老需求。结果发现:居家和社区养老服务在服务模式、服务项目、服务主体、服务空间等方面均存在供需失衡的问题。因此提出推动服务模式发展创新以提高养老服务能力、提升服务供给质量以增强满意度、协调多元参与主体以凝聚服务向心力、均衡空间配置以完善服务整体性等举措。

The data of the seventh national census shows that China is about to enter a deeply aging society.The social carrying capacity and satisfaction of the traditional pension model are declining,and the side effects of pension pressure such as economic difficulties and social responsibility burden are constantly transmitted to all levels of society.In order to analyze whether home and community care services can effectively meet the diversified pension needs of different elderly groups,the paper conducted a study in Anhui province by means of questionnaire survey and interview survey.The results show that there is an imbalance between supply and demand in the service mode,service items,service subjects and service space of home and community elderly care services.Therefore,measures such as promoting the development and innovation of service mode to improve the ability of elderly care service,improving the quality of service supply to enhance satisfaction,coordinating multiple participants to condense the centripetal force of service,and balancing spatial allocation to improve the integrity of service are put forward.