4种落叶树种释放有益挥发性有机物的比较研究

Comparative Study on the Release of Beneficial Volatile Organic Compounds from Four Deciduous Tree Species

研究不同树种之间释放有益挥发性有机物(BVOCs)成分差异和垂柳季节性日变化特征,旨在筛选出康养价值高,对环境有益、人体有利的园林绿化树种。以北京市典型森林生态系统中的4种落叶树种——垂柳(Salix babylonica)、国槐(Sophora japonica)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)和栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)为研究对象,采用动态顶空套袋技术与自动热脱附-气相色谱/质谱联用法,对比分析不同植物叶片释放有益BVOCs成分的差异,筛选具有康体保健功效的树种。同时,研究垂柳在不同生长季节释放BVOCs的日动态变化特征。结果表明,(1)4种落叶树种释放的有益BVOCs含有6种共同有益成分:(1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯、乙酸叶醇酯、顺-3-己烯-1-醇、左薄荷脑、天然壬醛和甘菊蓝。银杏和栾树主要释放醇类(17.23%、14.08%)、酯类化合物(13.43%、9.49%);垂柳主要释放醛类化合物(13.57%);国槐则主要释放烯烃类化合物(15.75%)。(2)4种树种有益BVOCs释放总量分别表现为银杏50.90%、栾树38.81%、垂柳32.11%、国槐29.24%。(3)垂柳在春季主要释放烯烃类化合物,而在夏季,醛类化合物排放量较高,秋季则主要释放醇类化合物。(4)垂柳在不同生长季排放的有益BVOCs具有明显日差异,日释放量均呈单峰曲线分布,日释放高值多出现于光照最为强烈的正午前后。该研究4种落叶树种释放的醇类、酯类和醛类化合物相对含量较高,可根据各化合物类别功效适地适季栽种;其次在园林道路绿化、森林康养等建设中可优先考虑银杏树。午时左右森林树种能够更加高效地释放有益挥发性有机物,此时段是人们进行户外活动的最佳时间,能够更高效地吸收森林树种发挥的生态康养价值。

To examine the difference of beneficial biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs)released by different tree species and the seasonal diurnal variation characteristics of weeping willow,the aim of this study is to screen out the garden greening tree species with high health value,beneficial for the environment and human body.Four deciduous tree species in Beijing typical forest ecosystem,Salix babylonica,Sophora japonica,Ginkgo biloba and Koelreuteria paniculata,were selected as the research objects.Dynamic headspace bagging technology and automatic thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to compare and analyze the difference of beneficial BVOCs released from leaves of different plants,and screen the tree species with health benefits.Meanwhile,the diurnal dynamic characteristics of BVOCs released by weeping willow in different growing seasons were studied.The results showed that(1)the beneficial BVOCs released by the four decident tree species contained six common beneficial components:1R)-(+)-α-pinene,leaf acetate,cis-3-hexene-1-ol,L-menthol,natural nonaldehyde and chamomile blue.Ginkgo and koelreuteria mainly released alcohols(17.23%,14.08%)and esters(13.43%,9.49%).Weeping willow mainly released aldehydes(13.57%).Locust mainly released olefin compounds(15.75%).(2)The total amount of beneficial BVOCs released by four species was 50.90%for Ginkgo,38.81%for koelia,32.11%for drooping willow and 29.24%for Robinia pseudoacacia.(3)Weeping willow mainly released olefin compounds in spring,aldehydes in summer,and alcohols in autumn.(4)The beneficial BVOCs emitted by weeping willow in different growing seasons had obvious diurnal differences,and the daily release showed a unimodal curve distribution,and the highest value of daily release mostly appeared around noon when the light was most intense.In this study,the four deciduous tree species released relatively high contents of alcohols,esters and aldehydes,and could be planted in a suitable season according to the efficacy of each compound category.Secondly,in the construction of garden road greening,forest health,priority can be given to ginkgo,koelreuteria,weeping willow,and locust in turn;midday is the best time for people to do outdoor activities,when forest tree species can more efficiently release beneficial volatile organic compounds.