基于夜光遥感的粤港澳大湾区人口空间分布及特征研究

Spatial Distribution and Characteristics of Population in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Based on Night-Light Remote Sensing

将粤港澳大湾区的珞珈一号辐射亮度数据和高精度土地类型数据融合,在区县级行政区划上构建分区逐步回归模型,获得大湾区2020年500 m人口格网数据并进行精度验证,从人口数量和密度、空间方向性和空间集聚分散等角度分析2020年人口空间分布特征。结果表明:1)珞珈一号夜光遥感数据与土地类型数据的融合提高了人口空间化精度;2)大湾区人口数量与密度具有高度协同的空间分布关系,存在五大人口集聚区,分别是广州天河、越秀、海珠、荔湾和白云西南部组成的集聚区;东莞内部环形集聚区;深圳西、中和北部集聚区;港澳集聚区和肇庆端州集聚区,边缘城市人口稀疏;3)人口分布沿广州—东莞—深圳—香港地区方向性显著,说明经济水平是影响人口空间分布的重要因素;4)人口集聚特征明显,68%的人口分布聚集在27.64%空间范围内,人口热点区位于东莞、深圳和香港地区一带,冷点区域主要分布在肇庆和江门内部。

The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)is one of the most open regions in China,with the strongest economic vitality and fastest population growth,playing an important role in China's development strategy.Using GBA as the research area,Luojia1-01 radiance images and high-precision land type data from 2022 were merged to obtain the noctilucent index of land fusion.Stepwise regression models based on district-level administrative divisions were constructed and their accuracy was verified.Finally,the 500 m spatial distribution characteristics of the population for the GBA in 2020 were analyzed from multiple perspectives,including population size and density,spatial directivity,spatial agglomeration degree,and dispersion characteristics.The results show the following:1)the integration of Luojia1-01 radiation brightness value and high-precision land type data guaranteed population spatialization accuracy,while scattered population agglomeration points could be identified by Luojia-01,and details of population distribution in the image saturation zone could be distinguished by land type data;2)Population quantity and density had a highly synergistic spatial distribution relationship with five population agglomeration areas in the GBA,with sparse population in marginal cities.The population scale decreased outward from the accumulation regions;3)Population distribution presented significant spatial directivity along the Guangzhou,Dongguan,Shenzhen,and Hong Kong directions,which proved that the economic level is an important factor affecting the spatial distribution of the population.Regional coordinated development in emerging economies was obvious among these cities along the direction,thus attracting population migration and agglomeration;4)The population agglomeration feature was remarkable in this area,with 68%of the population concentrated within 27.64%of the spatial range.Popular hotspots were located in the regions of Dongguan,Shenzhen,and Hong Kong,with cold spot areas mainly distributed in Zhaoqing and Jiangmen.Population intensity was excessive in Tianhe,Yuexiu,and Haizhu Districts of Guangzhou City,and policy intervention is urgently needed for these districts to mitigate population pressure and improve the living environment,thus promoting regional coordinated development.The results of this study prove that Luojia-01 data are capable of population research at the municipal administrative division level.The revealed spatial distribution characteristics of the population have reference significance for urban policy formulation,planning management,and coordinated development in the Greater Bay Area.There are also some shortcomings in this study,such as the lack of population distribution exploration due to the limitation of satellite acquisition and a decrease in the accuracy of population spatialization results due to spatialtemporal inconsistency in the data.Further studies are needed to improve the accuracy and reveal additional features of the population spatial-temporal distribution in a long-term series.