环境感知对农户亲环境行为意愿的影响——以大宝山尾矿区生态修复为例

The Influence of Environmental Perception on Farmers'Willingness to Act in Pro-Environment Behavior:A Case Study of Ecological Restoration in the Tailings Area of the Dabaoshan Mountain

在国家大力推进生态环境治理和生态修复的背景下,矿山周边的农户作为环境破坏的受害者和生态修复的主要参与者,其参与意愿的高低关系到政府环境治理政策能否发挥良好作用。以大宝山尾矿区为例,构建包括价值感知、政策感知和禀赋感知对亲环境行为意愿的影响模型,探讨环境感知对农户亲环境行为意愿的影响机制。研究发现:1)价值感知包括经济和生态2个维度,且均会对农户的亲环境行为意愿产生直接正向影响;禀赋感知包括精力和能力2个维度,且均会对其亲环境行为意愿产生影响;政策感知包括感知政府、感知矿企和邻居朋友态度3个维度,对其亲环境行为意愿不产生直接影响,但可通过价值感知和禀赋感知对其亲环境行为意愿产生间接影响。2)收入的提高、感知矿企的态度以及精力和能力的感知是农户亲环境行为意愿的重要影响因素。政府需将传统手段与新型网络平台结合,加强环境治理多渠道宣传、就业能力培养和邻里示范等,以提升农户亲环境行为意愿。

With regard to China's vigorous promotion of environmental governance and ecological restoration,farmers around mines are victims of environmental damage and major participants in ecological restoration.Their willingness to participate is related to whether the government's environmentalpolicies can play a good role.This study developed a structural equation model of the impact of environmental perception on pro-environmental behavior willingness and conducted an empirical study using survey data of farmers around the Dabaoshan tailings area in Shaoguan in 2020.Value perception includes"economic value"and"ecology value",which was measured by the two observable variables"increasing income"and"improving the surrounding environmental quality".The results showed that value perception had a positive impact on farmers'willingness to be environmentally friendly,and that the standardization coefficient of the"increase in income"variable was higher,which meant that if farmers felt that environmental governance in the tailings area could bring them economic benefits or improve the ecological environment,they were more inclined to participate in environmental governance activities in tailings areas,and local farmers paid more attention to economic interests.Endowment perception represented farmers'self-efficacy,which was measured by"energy perception"and"ability perception".The above two variables strongly influenced farmers'willingness to be pro-environmental.The results showed that the higher the self-efficacy evaluation of farmers,the stronger their willingness to participate in environmental governance of the tailings area.Policy perceptions including exemplary norms and commandline norms were measured by"government attitudes","attitudes of miner"and"attitudes of neighbor and friend".The results showed that policy perception had a direct impact on farmers'willingness to pro-environmental behavior,but this was due to an indirect impact by affecting farmers'value perception and policy perception,and"mining enterprise attitude"was the policy perception where the important variables were explained.Therefore,improving farmers'value perception and endowment perception through policy perception could also indirectly improve their willingness to exhibit pro-environmental behavior.Based on the above results,this study puts forward relevant policy implications.First,traditional media,newspapers,and TV should combine with emerging online platforms such as Douyin and Kuaishou to expand publicity channels.As rational economic people,farmers naturally attach great importance to the value brought about by participating in environmental governance in tailing areas.Therefore,it is necessary to publicize the economic and ecological value of environmental governance in the tailings area in a simple and easy-to-understand way and to make the publicity more targeted.Second,it is necessary to strengthen employment guidance and vocational education,improve the technical literacy of local farmers,lower the threshold and cost for farmers to participate in environmental governance,and encourage them to make scientific decisions.Last but not the least,it is necessary to build an ecological restoration exchange platform,strengthen the demonstrative role of neighborhoods,break the information barriers between the government and farmers,and explore effective leading models.