坦噶尼喀湖流域东北部水土流失及其影响因素分析

Analysis of soil erosion and its influencing factors in the northeast area of Lake Tanganyika basin

坦噶尼喀湖由于其独特的物理性质和生物多样性,在学术研究中具有重要地位。论文在坦噶尼喀湖流域东北部选择人类开发程度不同的流域,应用美国通用土壤流失方程,结合地形、降水、土壤、土地利用等因素,模拟小流域水土流失量并探讨其影响机制。研究结果表明:(1)地形、土地利用方式和土地利用强度均是影响流域水土流失的重要因素,以城市开发为主导的堪优沙(Kanyosha)流域平均土壤侵蚀模数是以乡村开发为主导的鲁一齐(Luiche)流域的6.72倍;(2)土壤侵蚀风险随坡度的增加呈增加趋势,25~35°和大于35°坡度带侵蚀风险最高;(3)土地利用类型对水土流失有较大影响,裸地的水土流失风险程度最高,其次是耕地、草地和林地,坡耕地是导致区域水土流失的重要因素。该研究可为坦噶尼喀湖流域土地可持续利用和水土流失治理提供指导建议。

Lake Tanganyika plays an important role in academic research due to its unique physical properties and biodiversity.In this study,basins with different human development intensity were selected in the northeast-ern part of Lake Tanganyika.The Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)was applied,combined with factors such as topography,precipitation,soil,and land use,to simulate the soil erosion and discuss its influence mechanism.The results show that(1)topography,land use patterns and land use intensity were all important factors affecting soil erosion in the basin.The average soil erosion modulus of the Kanyosha basin which was dominated by urban development was 6.72 times larger than that of the Luiche basin which was dominated by rural development.(2)The soil erosion risk increased with the increase of slope,with the top risk of erosion in the slope zone of 25~35°and more than 35°.(3)Land use types had a greater impact on soil erosion,with the top risk of soil erosion in bare land,followed by arable land,grassland and woodland.Slope arable land was an important factor leading to soil erosion.This study is conducive to the sustainable land use and soil erosion control of the Lake Tanganyika basin.