消失的边界?——元宇宙与数字时代的技术-地缘政治学

Disappearing Borders?Metaverse and Technology-Geopolitics in the Digital Age

边界确立与领土统一是近代民族—国家形成的物质基础,也促成了一种封闭性、排他性、有限特殊的空间观念和地缘政治安排。这种格局在二战后被全球化与城市化的浪潮所打破,回归地方的个体同时遭遇了互联网社会的崛起,赛博空间不仅突破了物理学意义上的时空距离和边界控制,也在流动形态中塑造非物质性、操控性、虚—实分隔的新界面形式。元宇宙既沿袭了资本全球主义、技术自由主义和信息精英网络的特性,也依托区块链、数字货币、智能合约等技术,形成虚实结合基础上新的身份-位置系统、开放景观与边疆地带。数字时代的地缘政治仍然摆脱不了安全困境,并且因虚拟社会、后边界状态和超国家行为体的参与而变得越发复杂。

The establishment of borders and territorial unification is the material basis or the formation of modern nation-states,and has also led to a closed,exclusive,limited and special space concept and geopolitical arrangement.This pattern was broken by the wave of globalization and urbanization after World WarⅡ.Individuals who return to localities simultaneously encounter the rise of Internet society.Cyberspace not only breaks through the physical limitation of spatial-temporal distance and boundary control,but also shapes a new interface of immateriality,manipulability and virtual-real separation in the flowing form of space.The Metaverse not only inherits the characteristics of capital globalism,technological liberalism and information elite networks,but also relies on blockchain,digital currency,smart contracts and other technologies to form new identity-location systems,open landscapes and frontiers based on the combination of the real and the virtual.Geopolitics in the digital age,still entangled with security dilemmas,is increasingly complicated by virtual societies,post-border states,and the involvement of supranational actors.