有机肥替代部分化肥对棉田土壤养分含量与棉花产量收益的影响

Effects of Manure Replacing Part Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Nutrient Contents,Cotton Yields and Returns of Fertilizer Inputs

【目的】研究河北省中南部旱薄沙壤区有机肥替代部分化肥后棉田土壤养分状况、棉花产量性状与肥料投入收益情况,为有机肥替代减施化肥提供理论支持。【方法】设置不施肥对照、单施化肥与增施有机肥配合减施10%、30%、50%化肥共5个处理,采用随机区组设计,定位3 a后,测定不同处理土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷与速效钾含量,调查棉花产量性状,分析肥料投入收益情况。【结果】定位3 a后,增施有机肥可显著提升土壤有机质含量,各处理土壤全氮含量变化不明显,增施有机肥后,随着化肥减量增加,土壤速效磷和速效钾均呈降低趋势,但减施10%、30%化肥后土壤速效磷和速效钾与单施化肥差异不显著,减施50%化肥后显著下降;增施有机肥减施化肥后,通过影响棉花单株铃数影响棉花产量,减施10%与30%化肥后籽棉产量与单施化肥差异不显著,而减施50%化肥后籽棉产量显著降低;肥料投入收益以增施有机肥减施化肥10%与30%2个处理显著高于其它处理。【结论】在河北省中南部旱薄沙壤棉区,增施有机肥1500 kg/hm^(2),减少化肥用量30%,可提高棉田土壤有机质,稳定棉花产量,实现肥料投入收益最大化。

【Objective】In the experiment the effects of manure replacing part chemical fertilizers on soil nutrient contents,cotton yield and returns of fertilizer inputs were studied in middle and south of Hebei province where the cotton lands were low fertility,dry and sandy.【Method】Adopting randomized block design 5 treatments including CK with no fertilizer,chemical fertilizers,manure replacing 10%,30%and 50%chemical fertilizers respectively were designed to investigate soil organic matter,P 2 O 5 and K 2 O cotent,cotton yield traits and returns of fertilizer inputs.【Result】After 3 years of located fertilization the soil organic matter contents increased significantly with application of manure,but total N contents of all treatments kept stable.When applying manure the soil P 2 O 5 and K 2 O cotents decreased with the reduction of chemical fertilizers.The difference of soil P 2 O 5 and K 2 O cotents between treatments of chemical fertilizer and reducing 10%and 30%chemical fertilizers were not significant,while it decreased significantly when reducing 50%chemical fertilizers.Applying manure with reducing chemical fertilizers affected cotton yields through affecting boll numbers per plant.There were no significant differences for cotton yields between the treatments of chemical fertilizer and reducing 10%and 30%chemical fertilizers,while the cotton yields decreased significantly when reducing 50%chemical fertilizers.The returns of fertilizers input for applying manure with reducing 10%and 30%chemical fertilizers were significantly higher than other treatments.【Conclusion】In middle and south of Hebei province where the cotton lands were low fertility,dry and sandy applying manure 1,500 kg/hm^(2)with reducing 30%chemical fertilizers can increase soil organic matter content,keep cotton yield stable and achieve the highest returns of fertilizer input.