菌糠对猪粪好氧堆肥的腐熟度指标影响及评价分析

Effects of Bacterial Bran on Maturity Index of Aerobic Composting of Pig Manure and Its Relevant Evaluation Analysis

【目的】评价分析菌糠对猪粪好氧堆肥的腐熟度指标影响。【方法】以取自新疆阿拉尔市某养猪场的新鲜猪粪为研究对象,采用废弃黑木耳菌糠添加到猪粪堆肥的方法,研究不同比例菌糠的添加对猪粪好氧堆肥过程中理化性质的影响规律、对比腐熟物光谱特性及腐熟度评价方法,利用模糊综合评价法和灰色关联分析法评价堆肥腐熟度。【结果】与对照组相比,菌糠的加入能够加快堆肥进入高温期的时间,且高温持续时间达到12 d,且加入15%的菌糠堆肥效果最好,全氮等营养元素含量呈现出先下降后上升的趋势。堆肥过程中在3330 cm^(-1)~3370 cm^(-1)、2924 cm^(-1)、1650 cm^(-1)、1554 cm^(-1)、1410 cm^(-1)、1050 cm^(-1)~1080 cm^(-1)处均存在吸收峰,相比于对照组,处理组其特征峰强度增幅均大于对照组。灰色关联度分析法更适用于堆肥腐熟特性的评价。【结论】菌糠的添加能够实现高效堆肥的目的,促进堆肥腐熟速率。

【Objective】Effects of Bacterial Bran on Maturity Index of Aerobic Composting of Pig Manure and Its Relevant Evaluation Analysis.【Methods】The experiment was carried out by adding waste fungus bran to pig manure aerobic compost taken from a large pig farm in Alar City to explore the influence of different proportion of fungus bran on the physicochemical characteristics of pig manure compost and the spectral characteristics of fermented substrateand to compare the two maturity evaluation methods.【Results】The results showed that compared with the control group,the addition of fungus bran could accelerate the compost entering a high-temperature period,and the high-temperature period lasted for 12 days.The compost effect of adding 15%fungus bran was the best,and the content of total nitrogen and other nutrients decreased first and then increased.The infrared spectrum analysis of compost samples showed that there were absorption peaks at 3,330 cm^(-1)-3,370 cm^(-1),2,924 cm^(-1),1,650 cm^(-1),1,554 cm^(-1),1,410 cm^(-1),1,050 cm^(-1)-1,080 cm^(-1) during compost,the intensityof characteristic peaks in the treatment group increased more than that of the control group.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and grey relational analysis method were used to analyze and evaluate compost maturity.It was found that grey relational analysis method was more suitable for evaluating compost maturity characteristics.【Conclusion】It is beneficial to compost pig manure by adding fungus bran and promoting the compost maturity rate.