全面提升我国森林生态系统质量和稳定性的实践与思考

Practice and Thinking of Comprehensively Improving the Quality and Stability of Forest Ecosystem in China

森林生态系统为人类生存发展提供必需基础物资,对社会经济系统蓬勃发展和地球系统永续发展具有重要支撑与调控作用。因地制宜、稳中求进地提升森林生态系统质量及其稳定性,充分发挥森林的“五库”(水库、粮库、钱库、碳库、种库)价值,是国家战略布局、社会经济高质量发展的迫切需求,也是统筹推进生态文明建设、促进人与自然和谐共生、落实生态恢复和环境治理、以及实现“双碳”战略目标的有力抓手。然而,在我国加强生态文明建设,建成“美丽中国”的宏伟目标下,如何全面提升中国森林生态系统质量和稳定性,仍缺乏系统、科学的理论依据和对策方案。基于中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)和中国森林生态系统定位研究网络(CFERN)的长期观测实验研究,开展了我国森林生态系统质量和稳定性的系统评估。基于这项研究,本文分析了我国森林生态系统质量面临的问题与政策建议,阐述了新时期我国森林生态系统质量提升的任务与宏观战略,并对重点林区存在的突出区域特色问题进行论述并提出经营建议,可为完善新时期森林生态系统经营体系、解决现存的一系列经营问题、提升森林生态系统质量和稳定性提供科技支撑。

Forest ecosystems provide a multitude of essential materials for human survival and development,and supporting and regulating services for the vigorous development of socio-economic system and the sustainable development of earth system.According to local conditions,making steady progress toward the improvement of the quality and stability of forest ecosystems and the development of the fully valued five-pool functions of forest ecosystems(i.e.water pool,food pool,money pool,carbon pool,and species pool)is a major issue for national strategic plans and high-quality socio-economic development,and a powerful way to comprehensively promote the ecological civilization construction,nurture the harmonious coexistence between human and nature,implement ecological recovery and environmental governance,and achieve the strategic goal of"double carbon".However,there is a lack of systematic and scientific theoretical basis and countermeasures to improve the quality and stability of China's forest ecosystems in the context of strengthening ecological civilization construction and building a"Beautiful China".Based on the long-term observational and experimental studies of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network(CERN)and Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network(CFERN),we have systematically assessed the quality and stability of China's forest ecosystems.On the basis of this assessment,we comprehensively analyzed the problems faced by the quality of China's forest ecosystems and the corresponding policy recommendations,elaborated the tasks and macro-strategies in the new era of the improvement of the quality of China's forest ecosystems,and discussed the significant regional issues and put forward the management recommendations in the key forest regions,which would provide scientific and technological support for improving the management system of forest ecosystems in the new era,solving a series of existing management problems,and improving the quality and stability of forest ecosystems.