中国城市群高新技术企业技术创新能力的区域差异与时空演进

Regional Differences and Spatial-temporal Evolution of Innovation Ability of High-tech Enterprises in China's Urban Agglomeration

通过构建城市群高新技术企业技术创新能力评价指标体系,利用主成分分析、Dagum基尼系数、Kernel密度估计、传统与空间Markov链等方法,对2014—2019年我国八大城市群高新技术企业技术创新能力的区域差异与时空演进特征展开实证研究。结果表明:①八大城市群高新技术企业技术创新能力均呈提升态势,其中,珠三角城市群高新技术企业技术创新能力最强,北部湾城市群高新技术企业技术创新能力最弱;②总体、区域内以及区域间差距呈明显扩大态势,其中,区域间差距是造成技术创新能力差距的主要原因;③技术创新能力分布曲线逐渐右移,呈现向右拖尾态势,但极化现象各异,考虑空间关联后,技术创新能力表现出明显的非对称、非同步、非均衡的时空转移特征。因此,应以引领带动、资源均衡、跨区协同、开放创新等方式推进不同城市群高新技术企业技术创新能力协调发展。

As the core areas with the most vitality and potential in China's regional economy,urban agglomerations become the main carriers supporting the development and growth of China's high-tech innovation capabilities.Comprehensively improving the technological innovation capabilities of high-level urban agglomerations is not only the key to realizing highquality innovation-driven economic development,but also an important guarantee for promoting scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement.However,there is still a lack of research on regional differences in the technological innovation capabilities of high-tech enterprises.The samples are mainly concentrated at the provincial and municipal levels,and only simple descriptive statistical methods are used to compare the differences in the technological innovation capabilities of high-tech enterprises between different provinces and cities.It is revealed that there are regional differences in the technological innovation capabilities of high-tech enterprises,but there is no accurate description of the size of regional differences,the sources of differences and their temporal and spatial evolution characteristics.This study constructs an evaluation index system for the technological innovation capability of high-tech enterprises in China's eight major urban agglomerations,and uses principal component analysis,Dagum Gini coefficients,Kernel density estimation,traditional and spatial Markov chain and other methods to evaluate the high-tech enterprises in China's eight major urban agglomerations from 2014 to 2019.According to the empirical study on the regional differences and spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of technological innovation capabilities,it is found that firstly there is an universal increasing trend of the technological innovation capabilities of high-tech enterprises in the eight major urban agglomerations.The technological innovation capabilities of hightech enterprises in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration are the highest,and the lowest is in the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration.This also shows that the economically developed regions often have high technological innovation capabilities of high-level enterprises,and the level of technological innovation capabilities of high-level enterprises in urban agglomerations also reflects the level of technological innovation capabilities at the regional level of urban agglomerations.Secondly the overall,intra-regional and inter-regional differences all show a significant expansion trend,and the inter-regional differences are the main reasons for the differences in their technological innovation capabilities.On the one hand,the high-end enterprises in the eight major urban agglomerations have not yet generally established the awareness of technological innovation,and they lack long-term consideration of innovation and entrepreneurship;what's more,they have weak intrinsic motivation for technological innovation,which leads to further regional differences.On the other hand,a collaborative innovation mechanism has not yet been formed among high-level enterprises in various urban agglomerations,and the interaction of innovation with each other is poor.Thirdly the distribution curve of technological innovation capability gradually shifts to the right,showing a tailing trend to the right,but the polarization phenomenon is different.With consideration of the spatial correlation,its technological innovation capability shows obvious asymmetric and asynchronous characteristics with non-equilibrium time-space transfer.This finding indicates that the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of technological innovation capabilities at the high-level enterprise level of urban agglomerations and technological innovation capabilities at the regional level of urban agglomerations are consistent and convergent.The study proposes that various regions should implement differentiated high-tech innovation capability improvement projects.Cities with strong technological innovation capabilities of high-tech enterprises should expand the space for external development;cities with weak technological innovation capabilities of high-tech enterprises should focus on improving the technological innovation capabilities of high-tech enterprises.In addition,it is necessary to promote the cross-regional flow and balanced allocation of innovation resources of high-tech enterprises,actively expand the channels for large-scale and cross-regional flow of innovation resources and improve the policies with focus on the support of innovative resource elements flow from rich areas to poor areas.Finally,it is essential to strengthen the cross-regional division of labor and cooperation in high-tech industries,the correlation and interaction of high-tech industries between different urban agglomerations,so as to further promote the cross-regional exchanges and cooperation of high-tech industries,jointly solve the problems that restrict the industrial growth and development,and improve the overall development quality of China's high-tech industries.