既有高速铁路减振措施对曲线地段适应性研究

Adaptability of existing high-speed railway vibration damping measures to curved rail

减振型无砟轨道在一定程度上可解决高速列车运行所引起的振动噪声问题。既有文献以直线轨道为研究对象,从控制轨道振动角度出发,多角度定量或定性分析了轨道结构参数的合理取值。但由于直线轨道与曲线轨道的振动差异,曲线轨道横向振动是否纳入减振考虑范围,直线轨道减振参数对曲线轨道的适应性尚不清楚,亟需开展相关研究。通过多体系统动力学与有限元联合仿真,建立典型曲线地段车辆-轨道刚柔耦合模型,对比直线段、直缓地段、缓圆地段、圆曲线段轨道下部结构振动差异。研究结果表明:在相同的不平顺激励下,曲线地段脱轨系数为0.046,大于直线地段的0.012。随着列车从直线驶入曲线轨道,轨道板垂向振动加速度级在50 Hz减少了2.19 dB,相反横向振动加速度级增大了0.97 dB。采取同样的减振措施后,直线地段与曲线地段减振效果存在较大差异。相较于直线地段,曲线地段轨道板振动响应距规范限制有较多余量。同时,直线地段轨道板与底座板加速度级差值为14.45 dB,而曲线地段增大到17.41 dB。后续针对轨道减振设计时,应在所处地段的轨道模型中进行分析。

Vibration-reducing ballastless tracks can solve the problem of vibration and noise caused by highspeed train operation to a certain extent.The existing literature takes the straight track as the research object,and from the perspective of controlling the vibration of the track,the reasonable value of the orbital structure parameters is quantitatively or qualitatively analyzed from multiple angles.However,due to the difference in vibration between the straight track and the curved track,whether the lateral vibration of the curved track is included in the scope of vibration reduction,and the adaptability of the vibration reduction parameters of the linear track to the curved track is still unclear.The relevant research is urgently needed.In this paper,through the joint simulation of multibody system dynamics and finite element,a vehicle-track rigid-soft coupling model of typical curved lots was established,and the vibration differences of the lower structure of the track of straight segment,straight slow lot,slow circle lot and circular curve section were compared.The conclusions are drawn as follows.Under the same uneven excitation,the derailment coefficient of the curve lot is 0.046 greater than the 0.012 of the straight lot.As the train enters the curved track from the straight line,the vertical vibration acceleration stage of the track plate decreases by 2.19 dB at 50 Hz,while the lateral vibration acceleration stage increases by 0.97 dB.After taking the same vibration damping measures,there is a big difference between the vibration damping effect of the straight lot and the curve lot,compared with the straight line lot,the vibration response distance of the curve lot track plate has more margin.The difference between the acceleration stage of the linear lot track plate and the base plate is 14.45 dB,while the curve lot is increased to 17.41 dB,and the subsequent design for track vibration reduction should be analyzed in the track model of the lot.