宋代医官磨勘制度初探——兼论王安石思想对其影响

The Study on the Medical Officer Mokan System in the Song Period:Also on the Role of Wang An-shi's Thought in the Development of the System

磨勘是宋代对于官员进行考核迁转的制度。但宋代初期在制定官员磨勘制度之时医官并未涵盖在内,并且医官的转任也有着相当的限制。北宋历次重大改革均将医学教育作为改革的重要内容,自此培养了大批医学人才,医官转任的限制也有逐渐放松的趋势。在王安石变法思潮的影响下,宋政府出于管理的需要,于熙宁年间正式确立医官磨勘制度。至宋徽宗重新启用变法派,于国子监设立中央医学,医官磨勘制度结合中央医学的设立有了进一步的细化和发展。虽然在制度的实施过程中由于管理不善出现过种种乱象,但医官磨勘制度对后世的医学发展有深远影响。

Mokan was a system of assessment and promotion of officials in Song Dynasty,but medical officers were not included in the development of Mokan system in the early Northern Song Dynasty,and the promotion of medical officers were considerably restricted.All previous major reforms in the Northern Song Dynasty took medical education as an important part of the reform.Since then,a large number of medical professionals had been trained,and there was no rigorous restrictions on the promotion of medical officers.Under the influence of Wang An-shi's political reform thought,the Northern Song Dynasty government formally established the medical officer Mokan system in Xining years for the need of management.During the reign of Song Huizong,reformers returned to the government and established the central medical education institution in the Imperial College.And the medical officer Mokan system was further refined and developed in combination with the establishment of the central medical education institution.Although there were all kinds of chaos in the implementation of the system due to poor management,the Mokan system had a far-reaching impact on the medical development of later generations.