3个地方鸭品种(系)的体尺性状与屠宰性能测定与分析

Measurement and Analysis on Body Size Traits and Slaughter Performance of Three Indigenous Duck Breeds(Lines)

[目的]分析300日龄的北京鸭Z9系、靖西大麻鸭和吉安红毛鸭3个地方鸭品种(系)体尺性状和屠宰性能的品种和性别差异以及两者的相关性,挖掘这3个地方鸭品种(系)的种质特性。[方法]将同一天出雏的北京鸭Z9系、靖西大麻鸭和吉安红毛鸭在相同饲养管理条件下饲养至300日龄后,各选择60只(公、母各半)进行屠宰测定。宰前进行个体的体尺测量,宰后进行屠宰性能测定。[结果]北京鸭Z9系的龙骨长和胫围极显著高于其他2个品种,靖西大麻鸭的体斜长显著高于其他2个品种,吉安红毛鸭无优势体尺性状;3个品种(系)的公鸭体尺性状优于母鸭;除体斜长和半潜水长外,北京鸭Z9系母鸭的体尺性状整体优于其他2个品种;北京鸭Z9系和靖西大麻鸭公鸭体尺性状整体优于吉安红毛公鸭。北京鸭Z9系的半净膛质量、全净膛质量、胸肌质量、腿肌质量、半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌率均极显著高于其他2个品种,吉安红毛鸭的活体质量、屠体质量、半净膛质量、全净膛质量、胸肌质量、腿肌质量和胸肌率均极显著低于其他2个品种,靖西大麻鸭的屠宰性能处于3个品种(系)的中间水平;除屠宰率外,北京鸭Z9系和靖西大麻鸭公鸭的屠宰性能整体优于母鸭,且北京鸭Z9系母鸭的屠宰性能优于其他2个品种;吉安红毛鸭公鸭的屠宰性能指标整体最低。3个品种(系)的活体质量与大部分体尺性状都有不同程度的正相关;北京鸭Z9系的胫长和胫围,靖西大麻鸭的体斜长、龙骨长和半潜水长以及吉安红毛鸭的龙骨长、胫长和胫围与各自的屠宰性状有不同程度正相关;3个品种(系)的屠宰性状之间均呈极显著正相关。[结论]300日龄北京鸭Z9系的体尺性状和屠宰性能在3个品种(系)中均最佳,靖西大麻鸭处于中间水平,吉安红毛鸭体型最小,产肉量最少;3个品种(系)公鸭的体尺性状和屠宰性能整体上均优于母鸭;3个品种(系)体尺性状与屠宰性能之间具有不同程度的相关性,可以使用体尺性状来预估屠宰性能,加快品种的选育。

[Purpose]To discover the breed(lines)characteristics of Peking duck Z9 line,Jingxi hemp duck and Ji’an red feather duck by analyzing the gender and breed difference and also the correlation between body size traits and slaughter performance of three breeds(lines)at 300-day-old.[Methods]Peking ducks Z9 line,Jingxi hemp ducks and Ji’an red feather ducks,which hatched out at same day,were raised at the same feeding and management condition to 300-day-old,and 60 ducks(half male and half female)were selected for slaughter determination,respectively.Body size were measured before slaughter,and then the slaughter performance was measured after slaughter.[Results]The keel length and shank girth of Peking duck Z9 line were extremely significant better than the other two breeds,and the body slope length of Jingxi hemp duck was significant better than the other two breeds,while there were no advantages on Ji’an red feather duck body size traits;the body size traits of male ducks were better than female ducks in these three breeds(lines);except the body slope length and half diving depth traits,the body size traits of Peking duck Z9 line female ducks were as whole better than the other two breeds;the body size traits of Peking duck Z9 line and Jingxi hemp duck male ducks were as whole better than Ji’an red feather duck male ducks.The half eviscerated weight,eviscerated weight,chest muscle weight,leg muscle weight,half eviscerated rate,eviscerated rate and chest muscle rate of Peking duck Z9 line were extremely higher than the other two breeds,the alive weight,slaughter weight,half eviscerated weight,eviscerated weight,chest muscle weight,leg muscle weight and chest muscle rate of Ji’an red feather duck were extremely lower than the other two breeds,and the slaughter performance of Jingxi hemp duck were at the medium level of these three breeds(lines);except the slaughter rate,the slaughter performance of male ducks in Peking duck Z9 line and Jingxi hemp duck were as whole better than that of female ducks,and the slaughtering performance of female Peking duck Z9 line were better than that of the other two breeds;the slaughter performance indexes of male Ji’an red feather duck were as whole the worst in these three breeds.There were different degrees of positive correlation between alive weight and most body size traits in three breeds(lines).There were different degrees of positive correlation between shank length,shank girth and slaughter performance in Peking duck Z9 line,between body slope length,keel length,half diving depth and slaughter performance in Jingxi hemp duck,between keel length,shank length,shank girth and slaughter performance in Ji’an red feather duck.There were extremely significant positive correlations among different slaughter performance in three breeds(lines).[Conclusion]300-day-old Peking duck Z9 line has the most advantages in body size traits and slaughter performance among three breeds(lines),Jingxi hemp duck is at the middle level,while the body size and meat production of Ji’an red feather duck are the smallest;the body size traits and slaughter performance among three breeds (lines), Jingxi hemp duck is at the middle level, while the body size and meat production of Ji ’an red feather duck are the smallest;the body size traits and slaughter performance of male ducks of three breeds (lines) are better than those of female ducks as a whole. As in three duck breeds (lines), there are different degrees of correlation among body size traits and slaughter performance, the body size traits can be used to predict the slaughter performance and accelerate the breeding process.