不同基追比例对湖泊流域烟田氮、磷养分流失和烟叶经济性状的影响

Effects of Different Basal and Topdressing Ratios on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrient Loss and Economic Traits of Tobacco Leaves in Lake Basin

[目的]降低烟田氮、磷养分流失,保护湖泊流域水质的同时保障烟叶的优质生产。[方法]采用田间原位实时收集水样方法,在弥渡(洱海流域)和澄江(抚仙湖流域)研究不同基追比例(100∶0;70∶30和30∶70)对氮、磷养分流失和烟叶经济性状的影响。[结果]不同基追比例的径流水流失总量和渗漏水流失总量差异不显著(P>0.05)。基追比30∶70处理的径流水和渗漏水氮流失量以及磷流失量低于基追比100∶0和70∶30处理,径流水中氮流失量分别减少9.16%~66.44%和3.90%~67.77%,磷流失量分别减少6.16%~9.36%和2.25%~17.45%;渗漏水中氮流失量分别减少0.56%~67.54%和21.59%~26.89%,磷流失量分别减少4.20%~33.33%和10.08%~20.00%。基追比30∶70处理的产量和产值高于基追比100∶0处理和70∶30处理,产量分别增加24.08%~24.18%和1.44~2.26%,产值分别增加8.81%~39.04%和2.56~5.55%。[结论]云南高原湖泊流域采用基追比30∶70的施用方式在降低面源污染风险的同时能保障湖泊流域烟叶的优质生产。

[Purpose]To reduce the nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)loss of tobacco farmland,protecting water quality and increasing the economic income of flue-cured tobacco in lake basin.[Methods]Three ratios of basal and topdressing fertilizer treatments such as 100∶0 treatment(BTF100),70∶30 treatment(BTF70)and 30∶70 treatment(BTF30)were designed in Erhai Lake Basin and Fuxian Lake Basin.[Results]There was no significant difference in terms of total runoff and infiltration among all treatments(P>0.05).The N,P loss of runoff in BTF30 treatment was less than that of BTF70 treatment and BTF100 treatment,which decreased by 9.16%-66.44%for N loss and 6.16%-9.36%for P loss compared to BTF100 treatment,and decreased by 3.90%-67.77%for N loss and 2.25%-17.45%for P loss compared to BTF70 treatments.Similar results were observed in the N,P loss of infiltration,and the nutrient loss in infiltration of BTF30 treatment was decreased by 0.56%-67.54%for N loss and 4.20%-33.33%for P loss compared to BTF100 treatment,and decreased by 21.59%-26.89%for N loss and 10.08%-20.00%for P loss compared to BTF70 treatment.Furthermore,the yield and economic income of BTF30 treatment was higher than BTF70 treatment and BTF100 treatment,which increased by 24.08%-24.18%for yield and 8.81%-39.04%for economic income compared to BTF100 treatment,and increased by 1.44%-2.26%for yield and 2.56%-5.55%for economic income compared to BTF70 treatment.[Conclusion]The application of base-topdressing ratio of 30∶70 in the lake basin of Yunnan Plateau can reduce the risk of non-point source pollution and ensure the high-quality production of tobacco leaves in the lake basin.