青神县农业外来入侵植物调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Invasive Alien Plants in Agro-Ecosystem of Qingshen County

通过实地踏查方式对青神县农业生态系统中的外来入侵植物进行调查,并分析其种类组成、原产地、生活型和分布格局。结果表明,青神县现有外来入侵植物69种,隶属28科57属,其中种类最多的3个科分别是菊科(19种)、苋科(6种)和豆科(6种)。原产于美洲的种类最多,占总种数的69.57%;生活型以草本植物为主,占总种数的91.30%。入侵等级为恶性入侵(1级)的物种有16种,严重入侵(2级)有15种,局部入侵(3级)、一般入侵(4级)、有待观察类(5级)分别有9、17、10种。在全县所有乡(镇、街道)均有分布的外来入侵植物共18种,其中发生频率最高的是喜旱莲子草。非农业生境的入侵植物丰富度高于农业生境。青神县农业外来入侵植物种类繁多、来源广、入侵形势严峻,应加强入侵植物的动态监测与综合治理,以保护当地生态安全和农业生产安全。

The field investigation of invasive alien plants in agro-ecosystem of Qingshen County was carried out to analy their species composition,geographic origin,life form and distributional patterns.The results showed that a total of 69 species of invasive plants belonging to 28 families and 57 genera were recorded in Qingshen County.Three families with most species were Asteraceae(19 species),Amaranthaceae(6 species)and Leguminosae(6 species).Most species were native to America,accounting for 69.57%of total species.Herbaceous plants are the main life form,accounting for 91.30%of total species.16 species of malignant invasive weeds(level 1),15 species of serious invasive weeds(level 2),9 species of local invasive weeds(level 3),17 species of general invasive weeds(level 4),and 10 species required further analysis(level 5).A total of 18 invasive alien weeds were found in the county,among which Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.presented the highest frequency of occurrence.Species richness of invasive plants in non-agricultural habitats was higher than that in agricultural habitats.There were many kinds of agricultural invasive plants with wide sources and severe invasion situation in Qingshen County.Dynamic monitoring and comprehensive management of invasive plants should be strengthened to protect local ecological security and agricultural production safety.