舰载直升机-舰船耦合流场数值计算研究综述

Review of numerical studies on ship-helicopter coupled flowfield

舰载直升机舰面起降是海上舰载直升机最危险的作业之一,而舰船表面的复杂气流干扰是造成该问题的主要因素之一。本文从孤立舰船舰面流场主要特征分析出发,分别总结了航空母舰与非航空母舰类舰船的主要流动特征,以及舰载直升机-舰船耦合流场的主要流动特征。在此基础上,根据舰船表面流场计算采用的数值方法分类,从无黏流场到黏性流场计算、从定常数值计算到非定常数值计算,系统介绍了国内外的发展情况与主要研究工作。对舰载直升机-舰船耦合流场数值研究,根据采用的模型与耦合方法分类,从动量盘简化耦合模型到完整直升机模型、从单向耦合到双向耦合,介绍了国外的发展历程及主要相关工作。期望舰面流场以及机-舰耦合流场数值计算主要方法的探讨,能为后期机-舰耦合流场研究及机-舰适配性研究提供参考。

For shipborne helicopters,one of the most dangerous operations at sea is the taking-off and landing operation on a ship.The complex airflow interaction on the surface of the ship is one of the main causes of this problem.Starting from the analysis of flow features of a single ship air wake,the vortex structures of the carrier and non-carrier ships as well as the flow features of the ship-helicopter coupled flowfield are summarized.Based on this,we then review the research development and main studies in the numerical simulation of ship surface air flow,which ranges from inviscid to viscous flow simulations,and from steady to unsteady numerical simulations.For the numerical study of ship-helicopter coupled flow,according to the numerical model and coupling method,the development process abroad is introduced,from the simplified actuator disk model to the complete helicopter model,from one-way coupling to two-way coupling;meanwhile the relevant work in China is also introduced.The content discussed in this study outlines the main methods for numerical simulations of the ship surface air flow and the ship-helo coupled flow,which can provide a reference for studies of the ship-helo coupled flowfield and the aircraft-ship adaptability.