论健康权转向为健康照护权的权利属性与规范内涵分析

An Analysis of the Attributes and Normative Connotation on the Transformation from the Right to Health to the Right to Health Care

随着对公民健康的保护日渐从国际人权保障的层面落实到一国的基本权利层面,作为一项人权的健康权必须在国内法上转变为一项基本权利。“健康”一词概念模糊让健康权的规范内涵难以澄清。此缺陷导致对健康权的救济缺乏可诉性,也使得对公民健康的保护在实践中缺乏可操作性。健康权成为一项基本权利的设想因此也难以实现。而健康照护权满足作为一项基本权利的形式要素和实质要素。同时根据基本权利功能体系,对健康照护权进行相应功能分析即可以明晰健康照护权的规范内涵。权利属性从人权到基本权利、规范内涵从模糊到具体,由此便能实现健康权到健康照护权的转向,为保护公民健康找到一条新的进路。

With the protection of citizens'health increasingly moving from an international human right guarantee to a country's fundamental right,the right to health as one of the human rights must be transformed into a fundamental right in domestic laws.Given the uncertainty of the term health,it is difficult to clarify the normative connotation of the right to health.This deficiency results in a lack of justiciability in the remedies for the right to health;more importantly,it makes the protection of citizens'health unworkable in practice.The vision of the right to health as a fundamental right is,therefore,also hard to achieve.However,the right to health care satisfies both the formal and substantive elements of being a fundamental right.This paper provides a corresponding functional analysis of the right to health care based on the functional system of fundamental rights,which means that the normative connotation of the right to health care can be clarified.The right to health can be transformed into the right to health care by changing the attribute from a human right to a fundamental right,and the normative connotation from a vague one to a specific one.By doing so,a new path can be found for the protection of citizens'health.