β-酮腈的合成反应研究进展

Research Progress of Synthetic Reactions ofβ-Ketonitriles

β-酮腈是一类非常重要的有机合成中间体,其已有的合成方法主要分为两类:一是经典的亲核取代反应,虽然这类反应具有操作简便的优点,但其官能团的兼容性却存在较大限制,并且有的反应需要使用到剧毒的氰化物,这对反应的实用性有着较大影响;另一类是金属催化的羰基化偶联反应,虽然其反应条件较为温和,官能团的兼容性问题得到了较好的解决,但羰基的来源大都采用一氧化碳或Mo(CO)_(6)作为羰基供体,并且有可能需要使用到昂贵的反应试剂,这为反应的实际应用性造成了较大局限。因此,探寻更为有效、实用的β-酮腈合成方法依然是有机合成界的研究热点之一,具有重要意义。

β-Ketonitrile is a very important intermediate in organic synthesis.The existing synthetic methods are mainly divided into two categories:one is the classical nucleophilic substitution reaction.Although this type of reaction has the advantages of simple operation,its functional group Compatibility is relatively limited,and some reactions require the use of highly toxic cyanide,which has a great impact on the practicality of the reaction;the other is the metal-catalyzed carbonylation coupling reaction,although its reaction conditions is relatively mild,and the compatibility problem of functional groups has been better solved,but carbon monoxide or Mo(CO)_(6) are mostly used as carbonyl donors as the source of carbonyl groups,and expensive reagents may be used,which limits the practical application of the reaction.Therefore,the search on a more effective and practical synthesis method ofβ-ketonitrile is still one of the research hotspots in the field of organic synthesis,which is of great significance.